Five Different Types of Knowledge That I Nurse Can Use to Care for Pati

The nurse, Allison, in the case study used a wide variety of knowledge in order to best care for her patients in a holistic approach. In this section, five different compositors cases of knowledge will be discussed and explained how Allison used each type to nurse her patients. Carper, Van der Zalm, Bergum and Wolfer described empirical knowledge as the knowledge we consider to be fact, such as what we read in textbooks, or what has been demo through research (as cited in Bungay, 2005). Allison consistently applied empirical knowledge throughout the beginning of her shift. A few examples of when empirical knowledge was applied in her nursing included listening to report and gathering all the information on the patients in order to determine her priorities of care. Explaining the benefits of a nicotine patch to Mr. Nelson as tumefy as when she determined Mr. Nelsons oxygen supply and demand was adequate due to her assessment of the cardiac monitors, his work of breath and by ob serving the colour of his skin. other type of knowledge that Allison used in her patient care was ethical knowledge. Van der Zalm and Bergum determined that ethical knowledge represents knowledge that supports us to choose and be responsible for the right action in a situation (as cited in Bungay, 2005). An examples of when Allison used ethical knowledge in her care was when she made the ethical finish on which patient she should visit first, that being Mrs. Johnson. This is an example of ethical knowledge because since Mrs. Johnson was the newest admit, and had had a cardioversion forty-five minutes prior, she was the most unstable patient of Allisons. Had Allison made the resource to assess her other patients first it would have not been the re... ...to her about how they were feeling regarding their hospitalization.Finally, the effects of the immediate environment play a consumption in the interactions between a nurse and then patient. Being in the hospital, there are ma ny foreign sounds such as call cost and codes going on all the time. Although Allison may have use to the loud noises on the ward, for the patients, this is new to them. This could have played a factor in Mr. Nelsons inability to sleep, which altered his mood. Being in a new environment, especially a hospital can be unnerving for patients taking them out of their foster zones.ReferencesBungay, V. (2005). Module 1 High Acuity Nursing Practice PDF document. J.L. Dehaan, 2012, (Ed.). British Columbia Institute of Technology, School of Health Sciences. Retrieved from https//learn.bcit.ca/d2l/le/content/188743/viewContent/1059245/View

Kurt Cobain :: essays research papers

some(prenominal) population have their own theories about the 5th of April is 1994, for those of you who dont, hunch that this is the day Kurt Kobains body was fix in the garage of his home. Some critics have come to the conclusion that Kurt had tried to make himself a legend by kill himself. But such ideas seem to overshadow the disasterof the death of one the most popular and influential musicians of the 1990s. (Melody Makers, web2.epnet.com 12/08/2001)     There is no question of Kurt Cobains death. Many people think he was murdered, many people think it is pretty impossible to shot yourself in the head with a shotgun, but truly it isnt. Kurt Cobain was found on the floor of his garage, when he was found he had been dead for some time from a single "self administered shotgun wound to the head." Around him on the floor were some personal possessions and a had pen suicide note which read "I have it good, very good, and Im grateful, but since t he age of seven Ive change by reversal hateful towards all humans in oecumenic" (Iain Shedden, "Smells Like a Dead Man").     Cobain had grown up in a small town named Aberdeen. Washington. His childhood was disrupted by the divorce of his parents when he was eight. The victor of Nirvana gave Kurt the authority to be the "spokesman" of his generation. Nirvanas music gave way to hundreds of other underground bands, but with this success came the medias attention and the about total loss of solitude that came with it (Kurt Kobains Obituary).     Kurt had secretly suffered from an illness that caused severe take over pains for more that seven years, which caused him to contemplate suicide almost everyday. This constant abdominal pain led to complicated "melancholic depression verging of schizophrenia, and back up bouts of narcolepsy" (Kurt Kobains Obituary). Doctors were of no help to him, so he found escape i n heroin. For years he fought his addiction, but compared to the severe stomach pains, heroin was unimportant (Kurt Kobains Obituary).     Kurt Cobains wife, Courtney Love, and their daughter, Frances, brought some real happiness into his life. But the medias constant prodding and increasingly frequent period of depression finally pushed him over the edge. In the end, death was the only thing that he saw that could relieve his pain (Kurt Cobains Obituary).     A famous flick of Kurt Cobain after a concert in 1991 shows a disturbed young man trying to gain control of his life.Kurt Cobain essays research papers Many people have their own theories about the 5th of April is 1994, for those of you who dont, know that this is the day Kurt Kobains body was found in the garage of his home. Some critics have come to the conclusion that Kurt had tried to make himself a legend by killing himself. But such ideas seem to overshadow the tragedyof the de ath of one the most popular and influential musicians of the 1990s. (Melody Makers, web2.epnet.com 12/08/2001)     There is no question of Kurt Cobains death. Many people think he was murdered, many people think it is pretty impossible to shot yourself in the head with a shotgun, but truly it isnt. Kurt Cobain was found on the floor of his garage, when he was found he had been dead for some time from a single "self administered shotgun wound to the head." Around him on the floor were some personal possessions and a had written suicide note which read "I have it good, very good, and Im grateful, but since the age of seven Ive become hateful towards all humans in general" (Iain Shedden, "Smells Like a Dead Man").     Cobain had grown up in a small town named Aberdeen. Washington. His childhood was disrupted by the divorce of his parents when he was eight. The success of Nirvana gave Kurt the authority to be the "spoke sman" of his generation. Nirvanas music gave way to hundreds of other underground bands, but with this success came the medias attention and the almost total loss of privacy that came with it (Kurt Kobains Obituary).     Kurt had secretly suffered from an illness that caused severe stomach pains for more that seven years, which caused him to contemplate suicide almost everyday. This constant abdominal pain led to deep "melancholic depression verging of schizophrenia, and frequent bouts of narcolepsy" (Kurt Kobains Obituary). Doctors were of no help to him, so he found escape in heroin. For years he fought his addiction, but compared to the severe stomach pains, heroin was unimportant (Kurt Kobains Obituary).     Kurt Cobains wife, Courtney Love, and their daughter, Frances, brought some real happiness into his life. But the medias constant prodding and increasingly frequent period of depression finally pushed him over the edge. In the end, death was the only thing that he saw that could relieve his pain (Kurt Cobains Obituary).     A famous photograph of Kurt Cobain after a concert in 1991 shows a disturbed young man trying to gain control of his life.

Gay and Lesbian Issues - The Nazi Extermination of Homosexuals Essays

Gay and Lesbian Issues - The Nazi Extermination of HomosexualsThe Holocaust is the greatest brutality ever committed. Millions upon millions of people were ruthlessly tortured and executed during the infamous reign of the Third Reich. The events and conditions environ Adolf Hitlers rise to power have been extensively canvass by historians, sociologists, political scientists, and psychologists in the hopes of preventing this state of merciless dictatorship from ever recurring. Due to the immensity of the Nazi campaign against those of the Jewish faith, that ethnic group is virtu everyy often mentioned in association with the concentration camps and exterminations of the Third Reich. However, there were many other groups who were persecuted alongside the Jews. These groups include political dissidents, criminals, gypsies, the handicapped, Jehovahs Witnesses, emigrants, and homosexuals (Heger 32). The plight of homosexuals is, perhaps, the nearly overlooked aspect of the Holocaust. Of all the concentration camps, Sachsenhaussen, just north of Berlin, was the most important in the imprisonment and execution of homosexuals. The conditions under which all prisoners here were squeeze to live were absolutely inhuman, but for homosexuals it was far worse. As the one group that was despised by both the Nazis and those who were imprisoned within concentration camps, gays were persecuted with the greatest enthusiasm, and because of the taboos surrounding their lifestyle, their tragedy was left unnoticed for nearly three decades. The persecution of homosexuals at Sachsenhaussen was a natural outgrowth of the Nazi idea of the master race and was made accomplishable by manipulation of German law. Homosexuals, according to Nazi propaganda, ... ...he testimonies of gay survivors from Sachsenhaussen are to teach us anything, it is that they, like the Jews and every other group exterminated by the Nazis, were victims. Their tragedy has been compounded by societys r ejection of their plight. In order to truly abolish the dangerous views of Nazism, we must first learn to accept all people as human beings, no matter what their national origin, religious beliefs, or sexual orientation may be. This must be our goal if we are to prevent the atrocities of Sachsenhaussen from ever happening again. References Feig, Konnilyn G. Hitlers Death Camps. New York Holmes & Meier, 1979. Heger, Heinz. The Men With the Pink Triangle. London Gay Mens Press, 1972. Plant, Richard. The Pink Triangle. New York enthalpy Holt, 1986. Rector, Frank. The Nazi Extermination of Homosexuals. New York Stein and Day, 1981.

Comparing the Creation Scene in James Whales 1931 Frankenstein and Ken

Comparing the Creation Scene in James Whales 1931 Frankenstein and Kenneth Brannaghs 1994 Frankenstein James Whales 1931 limning of Frankenstein when compared to Kenneth Brannaghs alternate account from 1994 reveals some similarities but also many differences in the way they try to evoke emotions such as horror, fear and lookout from the audience and keep the plot moving. To do this, the directors have used a series of techniques, including camera shots, use of sound and music, use of lighting and shadows, and mise-en-scene. Many of the differences and similarities surrounded by the films are due to the type of audience that the directors were aiming the films at. For example, Whale uses a very traditional horror opening for his creation scene, while Brannagh uses a more modern-day opening with light play and symbolism through candles and shadows. Some of the other main differences between the two movements of films are how closely the film follows the victor phonograph recording, the style through which genres such as horror, romance and action are portrayed, and the strength of the horror and special effects used to keep the audience in a state of expectancy and tension, but also scared and unsure of the outcome. James Whale was trying to create a shocking and contemporary film, which would scare his 1931 audience and be subverter in the techniques he used while still retaining a traditional gothic horror genre, whereas Kenneth Brannagh was trying to create an action film, which follows the original book more closely, and portrays the monster in a way that evokes sympathy for the monster, rather than hatred and violence towards a predetermine... ... the audience never really knew how it was issue to turn out and what was coming next. However, social preferences and tolerances have changed dramatically over time and so that is why I dont find the 1931 variate as effective at portraying the story or creating tension. Moreover, I find that the 1931 film was certainly more revolutionary than 1994 and tried to go departed original limits in regard to style and techniques used more effectively and more continuously than the later film. Finally, I find that although the 1931 film was more revolutionary and may have been more effective if compared with audiences from the respective times, I still prefer the later version it uses more modern effects and follows the original book more closely which allows people who have read the book to relate more closely to the film.

Cultural Evolution vs. Technological Innovation Essay examples -- Expl

Cultural Evolution vs. Technological Innovation Historically, in the relationship between clement culture and technology, cultural evolution has lagged behind the pace of technological innovation. Technology is the human solution to fulfilling human needs. As these needs change, new technologies exit gear the old ones inevitably changing the culture which created it, resulting in a co-evolution of technology and culture and impacting the future of their culture. The disparate rate of cultural vs. technological evolution has consequences which profane the prospect of the future of the human race unless we change the historical blueprint and try to thwart our disposition towards ignoring the responsibility we have today for the world we will live in tomorrow. Cultural evolution is the nature of human interaction, their relationship with the environment and the immediate and long term trajectory of these interactions as influenced by transmissible knowledge, briostyle and customs is how a culture adapts itself to the progress within and around it. Morgan saw the history of human cultures as a progression from savagery, through speech to civilization (Chant 54). This progression was inevitably caused by technology. Technological innovation is increasing human mastery over resources and sources of energy. Technology has developed because of humans fear of death that our reason keeps lurking in the background. Technology historically has given solutions to the problems of survival by creating more efficient ways to get food and energy. However, after humans realize themselves at the top of the food chain, although the threshold between survival and comfort is unclear human focus shifts from brute survival... ...chnologies than to change the cultures. The earth has reached the threshold, of human life that can be supported in order to survive, humans need to take a two fold approach- the industrialized world needs to posture into practice green energies and all human cultures need to anticipate the macroevolutionary consequences of the daily culture and lifestyle. Choices need to be made, keeping sustainability in mind. History has shown that human law, religion, politics and policy greatly influence cultural macroevolution. SourcesChant, Colin. Pre-industrial Cities & Technology. London Routledge. 1999.Cipolla, C. M. Epilog from Guns, Sails, and Empires Technological Innovation and the Early Phases of European Expansion, 1400-1700. Sunflower Univ. Press, 1996.Ehrlich, Paul R., in valet Natures Genes Cultures, and the Human Prospect, Island Press, 2000.

Emma and Clueless Speech

Through close analysis of the novel Emma, by Jane Austen and the rent Clueless by Amy Heckerling, we discover that twain texts are influenced by, and reflect the values of their respective contexts. Emma is set in the isolated, rural town of Highbury, England in the early 1800s, at a time where society had placed value on social hierarchy. This distinction between programes was largely determined by family lines and inheritance. It is in the upper class of society that Jane Austen places her protagonist, Emma, handsome, clever and richwith very little to distress or vex her.Emmas desirable situation had led her to possess a self- enormousness indulgent attitude towards life, as Austen intends her audience to identify with the cynical remark that she has the power of having rather too much her own way. However, Austen contradicts this third junction by the duologue which establishes Emma to be a character of good intentions No papa, nobody thought of you walking. This contrast b etween third person and dialogue creates a discrepancy between Emmas thoughts and Austens intrusive moralistic views.From the irony present here, satire is created, encouraging the reader to reflect on Emmas behaviour as a reflection of the context of her society and the value put on social hierarchy and status. The opening scene of Amy Heckerlings film, Clueless, made in the 1990s, immediately adopts Austens ironic tone. The energetic montage and quick succession of camera angles of Cher and her fellow teenagers indulging in luxurious activities in Beverly Hills USA, establishes the materialistic world in which the movie is set.Heckerling appeals to her audience by creating such strong imagery, however she contradicts these perceptions by juxtaposing everything her audience views. The blaring song Were the kids in America provides ironic exposition in that it is strikingly evident that these wealthy teenagers are the complete opposite from the average kids in America as they decl are the ability to embrace solely aspects of consumer ideals. Through this Heckerling establishes Cher as being an imitation of Emma having too much her own way.The contrast between Chers first voiceover I actually have a way normal life for a teenage girl whilst she picks out her designer outfit on a computer allows Heckerling to provide an authorial voice, much like Austen, where she critiques teenage self absorption and the society that cultivates this trait. Both texts primarily focus on the social values of espousal, romance and sex. During Austens time, matrimony was concerned as a way of preserving your social rank and financial status and often these values took primacy over romance.This is evident when Emma speaks that Mr Elton would give Harriet everything she wanted- consideration, independence, a good home. Austen challenges societies values by making Emma oppose these views and have very little intention of marrying at all. However, Austen allows Emma to succumb to societys expectations with her marriage to Mr. Knightely. This reaffirms the reality of Austens society, she allows her audience to see her view but highlights that she cannot change this value.Heckerling chooses to replace the importance of marriage, with the importance of sex to suite the context of contemporary society. perk up before marriage is a prevalent issue in the film and is highlighted as common amongst most social classes. Tais comment to Cher why am I even listening to you- youre a virgin who cant drive reflects societies consideration as to what is important. Like Emma, Cher rejects her social expectations and admits to stay a virgin.However, Heckerling sets up a paradox around Cher, exaggerating a materialistic and sexual blonde who ironically remains a virgin despite this image. Although the importance of sex takes focus in the film, Heckerling chooses to end Clueless with a marriage, highlighting that it is still a value in modern society. Both Austen and Heckerl ing challenge their audience to confront their own presumptions concerning their societys values. Moral education is a value personified through significant figures in both protagonists lives.In Emma, Mr Knightely is the catalyst for Emmas moral education and growth. One of the significant turning points for Emmas transformation is the Box Hill incident where Emma cruelly insults Miss Bates. Jane Austen gives Mr Knightely to enter her novel to criticise Emmas behaviour Better be without sense, than misapply it as you do. In Clueless, it is Josh who sparks Cher to make-over her soul. It is the incident when Cher insults Lucy state she is a Mexican and Josh insults her saying your such a brat that is the vehicle for Chers moral education and ultimately making her a bankrupt person.Through these men, both Austen and Heckerling are able to criticise not only Emma and Cher, but the moral values society shape as acceptable. Through exploring both texts, it becomes increasingly evident that both authors have attempted to reflect their societies. Through their protagonists, they challenge societies standards and expectations and appeal to their audience to overcome these barriers. Therefore we come to the point that charm human nature does not change, the context and values do.

The Da Vinci Code ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

First and foremost, to my friend and editor, Jason Kaufman, for working so hard on this project and for truly understanding what this book is all about. And to the incomparable Heide Lange tireless wiz of The Da Vinci Code, agent extraordinaire, and trusted friend.I cannot fully express my gratitude to the exceptional team at Doubleday, for their generosity, faith, and superb guidance. Thank you especially to Bill Thomas and Steve Rubin, who believed in this book from the start. My thanks also to the initial core of early in-house supporters, headed by Michael Palgon, Suzanne Herz, Janelle Moburg, Jackie Everly, and Adrienne Sparks, as well as to the talented people of Doubledays sales force.For their generous assistant in the research of the book, I would like to acknowledge the Louvre Museum, the French Ministry of Culture, Project Gutenberg, Bibliotheque Nationale, the Gnostic Society Library, the Department of Paintings Study and Documentation Service at the Louvre, Catholic W orld News, Royal Observatory Greenwich, London Record Society, the Muniment Collection at Westminster Abbey, John Pike and the Federation of American Scientists, and the five members of Opus Dei (three active, dickens former) who recounted their stories, both positive and negative, regarding their experiences inside Opus Dei.My gratitude also to Water Street Bookstore for tracking down so many of my research books, my father Richard chocolate-brown mathematics teacher and author for his assistance with the Divine Proportion and the Fibonacci Sequence, Stan Planton, Sylvie Baudeloque, Peter McGuigan, Francis McInerney, Margie Wachtel, Andre Vernet, Ken Kelleher at Anchorball Web Media, Cara Sottak, Karyn Popham, Esther Sung, Miriam Abramowitz, William Tunstall-Pedoe, and Griffin Wooden Brown.And finally, in a falsehood drawing so heavily on the sacred feminine, I would be remiss if I did not mention the two extraordinary women who have affected my life. First, my mother, Connie Brown fellow scribe, nurturer, musician, and role model. And my wife, Blythe art historian, painter, front-line editor, and without a doubt the most astonishingly talented woman I have ever known.FACTThe Priory of Sion a European secret society founded in 1099 is a real organization. In 1975 Pariss Bibliotheque Nationale discovered parchments known as Les Dossiers Secrets, identifying numerous members of the Priory of Sion, including Sir Isaac Newton, Botticelli, Victor Hugo, and Leonardo Da Vinci.The Vatican prelacy known as Opus Dei is a deeply devout Catholic sect that has been the topic of recent controversy due to reports of brainwashing, coercion, and a dangerous behave known as corporal mortification. Opus Dei has just completed construction of a $47 million World Headquarters at 243 Lexington Avenue in New York City.All descriptions of artwork, architecture, documents, and secret rituals in this novel are accurate.

Nebular Theory

The Nebular Theory is one of the famous theories which explains the formation of the cosmos primarily the stars, planets and other heavenly bodies. The theory was first applied on to the creation of the solar system and was later applied to the universe. It is sometimes called solar nebular model. According to the theory, the universe was created accidentally from a cloud of dust and gas called Nebula.The cloud collapsed due to its unstable gravitational force and spin straightaway and faster due to its angular momentum conservation. The gas involved in the nebula was mostly hydrogen. The nebular disk due to the unstable gravitational forces collapse and forms the sun, moon, and the planets. The theory is super debated due to its inability to explain many of its proponents like angular momentum, the formation of giant planets and stars etc.Uniformitarianism in relation to the evolution of Earth and solar system Uniformitarianism is the effrontery that natural processes which oper ated in the past can be observed and said to be also operating in the present. In relation to the evolution of the domain and the solar system, this philosophy of science explains that the Earths processes like moving of the tectonic plates and the formations of mountains and seas can be seen in the past.Uniformitarianism explains that what happens today has also happened in the past. This is wherefore the evolution of the earth and solar system can be observed and known to us by observing the present state of the Earth and the solar system through thorough scientific methods of observation. Uniformitarianism is a principle used to explain why scientist observe and evaluate the earth today and is able to modernise hypothesis and theories on how the earth and solar system evolved through time.

A Note on the Cuban Cigar Industry – 1

A Note on the Cuban Cigar Industry 1. Threats of new entrants Product differentiation is major p profaneer in the market of Cuban Cigars, with certain smirchs being linked to prestige and honor. Also, restrictions from the world make it difficult for new entrants, because of trade embargos put in place by a volume of the most powerful countries in the world, including the fall in States. Power of suppliers Cigar industry is dominated by two major suppliers, Altadis and Swedish Match, which control the distribution of Havana cigars and Cuban branded names, with Altadis being the largest cigar company in the world.Power of buyers Buyers are willing to pay premium price for quality cigars, therefore, the power of the buyer is very minimal, as cigar partizan have increased worldwide. Threats of substitutes The threat of substitutes is higher, where the actual tobacco seed has been farmed in locations outside of Cuba, including the United States, Dominican Republic, and Honduras. As n oted in the Case, 250 million cigars were exported to the United States from the Dominican Republic. Competitive Rivalry Rivalry in the Cuban cigar industry is extremely high, where the industry growth has tapered off because of intense competition.Projections were high in the nineties for Cuban Cigar imports however, with the fear of loss in quality and exclusivity of the cigars, the projections were lessened. Even though there has been a steady increase in exports, it has not been heavy, exhibiting the event that there are few real producers of Cuban cigars. 2. Given the previous analysis, based on Porters Five Forces model, I would without a capitulum invest in the Cuban cigar industry. For a few decades now, the industry has been on the rise, with cigar connoisseurs always remaining loyal and faithful to their preferred brands of cigars.At first, the tobacco firms were increasing their fruit rapidly, all the while trying to maintain and improve quality, however, that was too difficult of a task, so in turn, Ana Lopez, the head marketer for Habanos S. A. changed their focus and decided to oblige working at improving quality at any expense. The quality remains, and with that remains a set group of cigar buyers, who would rarely stray from a brand that they have become affixed to. Specifically, I would target my investments towards the distributors of the cigars, as they not only supply Havana or Cuban cigars to the world, but also galore(postnominal) other popular brands and types.The main barriers that exist in investing in the Cuban Cigar industry are the U. S. trade embargo as well as the type of government ruling over Cuba, Communist. The trade embargo puts a huge blemish on Cuban cigar export numbers, where the numbers could be increasingly high. Furthermore, because of the Communist government in place, it isnt always easy for competitors to start new ventures, or to keep profits on the rise. 3. My decision would remain the same I would still inv est in the Cuban cigar industry, even if the trade embargo is lifted.However, the difference in the analysis comes in the situations of rivalry, new entrants and power of the buyers. all told of these would change completely with trade being allowed to the United States, who stakes claim to more than 500million premium cigar imports a year, of which, zero are officially Cuban cigars. If the U. S. were to lay stake in the Cuban cigar industry, the entire market would be revamped, with competitors springing up everywhere, buyers gaining more control, and competitive rivalry going on the rise.

Censored Literature Essay

There argon soldieryy reason why states or international countries ban and censor literature. The interrogative mood that arise when literature are integrated into the curriculum is is the literature appropriate? The reason for censored or banned literature is culture, language, religion, and age.The Lord of the fly by William Golding is literature that has been challenged and censored by many schools because of what the literature represents and irrelevant for children of a certain age. Although many schools banned and censored the literature, the literature can provide a positive in-class discussion and encourage group projects. Censoring The Lord of the Flies by William GoldingThe Lord of the Flies by William Golding is a fictional book intimately British schoolboys being evacuated on a plane to escape war. The plane is shot mass into a deserted island. Challenges are faced, rules are broke, and new laws are established on the island.The main character, Ralph, becomes the lea der of the schoolboys. Ralph tries to establish order on the island, but the schoolboys vote against Ralph. Instead of establishing order and a civil group on the island, the schoolboys become savages, violent, and mischievous. As Ralph tries to escape the mischievous boys who are after him, Ralph stumbles upon the beach, where a British naval ship arrived on the beach.The literature is seen as a moot book. The Lord of the Flies by William Golding was challenged at the Owen, NC High School in 1981. According to the American Library Association (2010), the book was considered demoralizing inasmuch as it implies that man is little more than an animal (The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding).The literature brings up the discussion of what constitutes a government vs. savages. Although to some, the literature may seem barbaric with inappropriate language, the literature provides knowledge and uses of symbolism. I agree the literature may be unsuitable ages the book recommended for h igh school students can be a owing(p) tool for English studies and in-class discussion. The use of symbolism helps students to learn the depths and meaning of literature. Symbolism adds ideas and different meanings in literary works. Use of Literature in the Curriculum.The Lord of the Flies by William Golding can be used in the high school see curriculum for English studies. Students will discuss the literature after reading two chapters. Student will identify the symbolism used in the chapters. Students will then discuss the issue of laws vs. savages. Upon discussion, students will then write down what constitute a government and laws. Student will then discuss his or her ideas in front of the class. ConclusionLiterature banned and censored in many parts of the United States and other countries contain content material that may be unsuitable for certain age groups. However, censoring books may not allow students to experience certain situations that he or she may not experience, but can experience emotions. Some literatures may even contain valuable information on history or the way government works. Other literatures can provide discussion that can provide different perspectives or views of the story. It is of the essence(p) to incorporate literature in everyday teaching to enhance critical thinking skills.ReferenceAmerican Library Association. (2010). Banned and/or Challenged Books from the Radcliffe publishing itinerary top 100 novels of the 20th century. Retrieved from http//www.ala.org/bbooks/frequentlychallengedbooks/classics/reasons

Managing Culture and Change Essay

The present scenario has made the future of judicatures uncertain. Companies that are excelling in their relevant industries overcompensate now may be pushed out in the near future by upstarts with better conceits and more versatility than them. It has happened so often in the past that the merely certainty is that it leave alone keep on happening in the future. The only long term sustainable competitive advantage that judicatures can hope to realise is through their people, and the deportment of these people is largely pertinacious by the bodied socialisation in which they are immersed.A successful corporate culture will see the organization through the near future, but unless the organization is proactive in its bid to keep on adapting to the changing business environs, that same corporate culture may sound the death knell for the organization in the future. CORPORATE finale AND PERFORMANCE The question on either entrepreneur, every CEO, and on every member of the Boa rd of Directors mind since before the inception of the concept of an organization as an institution has been how to make more money?Once this essential urge has been recognized one can comprehend the reason behind the actions of the above-mentioned in ensuring the success of their respective organizations, as the evidence of past decades agree proved that organizational success is the key determinant of greater financial reward for them hence stemmed the need to identify the factors that would translate into success for an organization. The idea that an organizations culture would influence its performance is hardly new.Search of Excellence, published in 1982 and authored by Waterman and Peters made the concept famous, and in 1992 in somatic Culture and Performance, Hesket and Kotter compared different organizations and the relation of their performance within a time period with their cultures. But with increasing research being conducted on the correlation between an organiza tions vision and the employees actions, doubt is cast on the efficacy of expecting that an organizations culture will determine its performance. or else, consensus is being established that a few core set largely determine the success or failure of organizations. SUCCESS Success of an organization can be defined differently depending on the constancy in which the organization operates. An organization in a high risk industry can view success as the ability to survive all these years. an different(prenominal) organization may view continuing growth over and above antagonists as success, while still an some other might seek to become the mart leader in its particular industry in evidence for it to be considered a success. Pyramid of Organizational DevelopmentWhatever the perception an organization has, in holy order to be successful an organization needs to follow six go or tasks at each level of its growth in order for it to succeed at all of those stages. It needs to determine its market niche in which it will operate, develop the product/service accordingly, acquire the relevant resources be they land labour or capital, develops a system of standardized procedures for operations, and then the same for management, and finally, develop a corporate culture that management perceives as being important to lead the firm.Before any further discussion can be carried out, corporate culture must be defined as, a social organisation of collective determine and beliefs that work together with the systems, the organizational structure, and the employees to produce norms, which then turn into what is necessary to the organization, and the processes of getting things done the how and the why. It is an intangible aspect of an organization that can non be seen, touched, heard or smelt, but is present nonetheless and which ultimately determines whether that organization will succeed or not.It is the core values that were mentioned earlier, to produce the norms that de termine the conduct of the employees, which ultimately determines the productivity and thus success of the firm. The steps taken together are framed as a hierarchical model into a utility of organizational development that emphasizes the importance of each step for the organizations development depending on the stage of growth the organization is in at that point.The last three of the steps form the structure that will be the sustainable competitive advantage of the firm, inimitable by competitors, thus ensuring long term success for the firm. ROLES OF CORPORATE grow incorporate culture by itself plays several roles in the organization. It develops a cultural identity in an employee by establishing a commitment of the employee to achieving the organizations goals and objectives. That identity serves to increase the loyalty and involvement of the employee by making him/her reconcile the organizations success as his/her own.Corporate culture also uses a deductive approach to alig n an employees behaviour with acceptable norms that have been already determined by the organization so that it need not worry about policing the employee to do what is right according to the organization. Instead of the management having to interfere now the employees peers can bring a maverick back in line with acceptable behaviour as determined by the values of the organization. In addition to these, an organizations culture acts as a motivational tool that is more effective than managerial insistence.However, if the organizations express values are out of sync with the culture that is being promoted the employees will become disillusioned with the organization and its stated commitment to quality of work manners as the rewards will be based on the stated values as opposed to what the prevailing organizational culture promotes. TYPES OF CORPORATE CULTURE well-knit The desired roles that the culture of the organization is to play and reality may starkly differ depending on the type of culture that is prevalent in the organization.A strong Culture is reminiscent of an organization that spends a significant amount of time and resources in communication and reinforcement by management of the values of the organization to the various employees. This is facilitated by having well-defined vision and mission statements that have been established with the help of both the top and bottom rung of the organization. In addition, these statements and their espoused values are pick out by top management and thus succeed in their task of influencing the employees by convincing them of their commitment to the organization and its value system.Weak On the other hand a Weak Culture is quite the opposite, in its lack of cultural identity and the divergence of employee behaviour and organizational goals. A weak culture also involuntarily imparts an image of punishing those employees that might be working towards organizational success, through the actions of their peers w ho have this weak corporate value system perforate into them. Thus in that location is little allegiance to the organization and little unity inside it. Unhealthy An Unhealthy corporate culture rests on the basis that channelise is undesirable.In much(prenominal) an environment risk-taking and experimentation for the sake of innovation is frowned upon, and so the organization has to seek ideas outside the firm for better practices and approaches. This is a costly dissolving agent of the politicized environment that prevails in such an organization, where decisions are made based on the power wielded by the participants and not on the value of their respective input. Adaptive The tail type of culture in an organization is an Adaptive one which is contrary to the unhealthy culture in its regard for entrepreneurial activities.Such an organization is a proactive entity that actively seeks out innovative and experimental solutions to any issues that might have to be faced. Risk tak ing is encouraged to the extent that employees might be funded to bring their ideas to life, in the recognition that successful adaption to the environment through risky enterprises enable the organization to prosper over its competitors. CONFLICT IN CORPORATE CULTURE An organizations culture is influenced by the social power of relationships, more specifically, the potential loss of those relationships.This invokes cognitive dissonance in a person more than does any other action, and thus motivates us the most to make sure that such a situation does not arise. From this motivation an organizations culture is developed as a content to protect these relationships, leading to the theory of conflict resolution and culture development. Social influences in the form of formal and informal networks, family networks, relationships with leaders, and legal regulations are what determine the behaviour of a person in an organization with regards to conflict resolution.Although conflict invari ably leads to closer bond in relationships than before, it can also lead to worsenion or coercion by one or both party. The conflict can only be resolved when both parties either cooperate in or reject the relationship. The eventual conflict resolution results in a differing viewpoint held by the onlookers as either a matter of public discourse or of hush-hush thought, which viewpoints are shared with others depending on the closeness of their relationship.And while cooperative conflict resolutions foster greater trust and unity, competitive conflict resolution in hierarchically dominated organizations, where management often passes judgement rather than mediates, results in a chasm between formal and informal cultures that causes a drop in organizational performance. forgiving RESOURCE MANAGERS Human Resource Management has become an increasingly important function in organizations with the findings of several researches supporting the relation between high-performance and HR p ractices.The recognition through these researches that the only long term sustainable competitive advantage that an organization enjoys is the capabilities of its human resource has further caused organizations to reinvent this previously miss function as well as resulted in an increase in the perceived advantages of a strategically-focused Human Resource Department. Amongst these, cultural management is an important benefit that pertains to the development, communication, reinforcement, and change of the corporate culture to the employees.SUCCESSFUL CORPORATE CULTURE An organizations corporate culture can either hinder or pay to the success of a firm by influencing the behaviours and attitudes of employees with respect to the overall organizational system. A corporate culture that promotes behaviours that are aligned with the companys values provides guidance to the employees with respect to the accepted norms of the organization and reinforces those peer actions that support th e desired culture.The HR as the manager of the corporate culture aligns its own practices in an move to increase commitment amongst employees towards achieving the desired vision of the organization by reaching their performance targets, and by engaging in adaptive and innovative entrepreneurial activities. A successful corporate culture is one which supports the organizations execution of its strategy, with the help of HR managers, who align the desired values of the organization with the values that are actually prevalent. dapple some organizations seek to prescribe specific corporate values that will lead to greater performance, it has been discovered that instead it is the fit of these values to the internal and out-of-door realities of the organization the employees behaviour and the business environment that the HR must focus on as a culturally compatible management system. To do so, the practices of the HR Management, more specifically, the staffing, training and developm ent, incentive and payment packages, performance appraisals and job design, all become areas where HR can influence the cultural communication strategy.As a company that dedicated its existence to the production and sale of coffee, Starbucks has experience phenomenal growth to reach its current market leadership position. From generating sales of $122 million in 1993, Starbucks has grown to such an extent that its competitors have less outlets in all of the United States than Starbucks has in California. And the stated reason by its CEO, Howard Schultz, for this success is its people.The trend we treat our people affects the way they treat our customers and, in turn, our financial performance. In lieu of this statement Starbucks offers good quality of work life to its employees, adopts diversity as an integral part of doing business, maintains a high standard in its production processes, develops its customers, engages in Corporate Social Responsibility, and recognizes the importa nce of maintaining profitability as a fashion of continued success. NOT-SO-SUCCESSFUL CORPORATE CULTUREUnfortunately, discovering the right fit of values that an organization can use as a component of its successful corporate strategy can become the winners curse if left unmonitored, for while it is difficult to change any culture in any organization, changing a seemingly successful culture is next to impossible. No one wants to mess with a winning formula, whether due to superstition, the belief that it will weather any competition, or due to inability to accept that the environment has changed.Whatever the reason, history is replete with examples of how successful companies were brought to their knees by a more versatile competitor. The US automobile industry was indifferent of the lower-costing, higher-quality Japanese cars until it was too late, believing that the Japanese cars were just a momentary novelty. In the same way, until sales started decreasing fast Sears remained ig norant of the changes brought to the organizations environment by Wal-Mart. The McDonnell Douglas Corporation is another example of a company that failed to adapt to the changing environment, and was acquired by Boeing.Core Rigidities Inducting the use of Standard Operating Procedures as a means to increase production by cutting down on wastage of time and resources, while beneficial in producing economies of scale can be insalubrious to the future success of the firm as well. These procedures and routines can serve as a source of suitable solutions to any problems that might be faced, but in doing so negate the possibility of searching for knowledge and innovation outside the organization. Consequently the core competency of the firm is transformed into the core rigidity as exploration is shelved for exploitation.In addition to which, the feedback from the use of SOPs is ignored due to selective filter of already existing procedures which siphon out any restorative measures that t he feedback might have been trying to highlight. This is largely due to the fact that no firm can keep changing forever. There is an absorptive capacity for every organization beyond which it is incapable of adapting to any more change. Crisis The only way to break out of such a potentially hazardous advantage is for there to be an existence of a crisis that jolts the organization out of its routine.Some companies even try to introduce the perception of a crisis in the organization in order to stimulate innovation, such as Hewlett Packard, following the story by Sturgeon, Microcosmic God in which Sturgeon talks of a miniature world which is introduced to numerous difficulties such as earthquakes, and droughts, and whose inhabitants are forced to either evolve or die out. While such practices might seem unethical it is disputed whether it is more best(predicate) to let a firm fail because the leader of the organization could not bring it upon himself/herself to fool the employees fo r their future benefit.CONCLUSION If an organizations successful culture eventually ends up costing the organization in the future, can it really be deemed a successful corporate culture? Up to the limit of an organizations absorptive capacity, a successful corporate culture should be redefined as a culture that while maintains all the characteristics as mentioned previously, is also a culture that can recognize that no matter what the fit of the organizations culture is at present, that fit can change, and the possibility of that change should not be ignored, rather it should be actively sought out.And while it is a difficult thing to change a culture at any point, the organization should be ready to do so if it is to maintain its competitive advantage and not be replaced by a more nimble and recent competitor like Sears was by Wal-Mart.BIBLIOGRAPHY Cummings, T. G. & Worley, C. G. (2005) Organization Development and Change. USA. Thomson South-Western. Davenport, T. H. & Prusak, L. (2000) Working Knowledge. Harvard Business Press Hassard, J. & Pym, D.(1993) The Theory and Philosophy of Organizations. Routledge Hitt, M. A. , Hoskisson, R. E. & Ireland, R. D. (1998) strategical Management Competitiveness and Globalization. Cengage Learning Kono, T. & Clegg, S. (1998) Transformations of Corporate Culture. Walter de Gruyter Kotter, J. (1992) Corporate Culture and Performance. Free Press. Thompson, A. A. Jr. , Strickland III, A. J. & Gamble, J. E. (2006) Crafting and Executing Strategy. United States.McGraw-Hill Balkaran, L. (1995) Corporate Culture. Find Articles Internet. Available from December 19, 2008 Denison, D. How your corporate culture can impact your business performance. IMD Webletter Internet. Available from December 19, 2008 Flamholtz, E. & Hua, W. (2002) Strategic Organizational Development and the Bottom

Art is Art Essay

What is considered blind has been a controversial question for numerous geezerhood in history and today. There are various forms and types of artistic production. Because art is very complex and diverse, it is viewed and conceptualized in many different ways. Nancy G. Heller states even though a type of artistry is hard to see, its considered art, and artwork that people dont understand shouldnt be disregarded from other types of art. She pure tones as though people shouldnt be intimidated by artwork thats hard to understand and her main goal is to try to help people feel more comfortable around art they dont understand. Picasso believes that all art needs to be an pilot in order to be substantially successful. He states that nature and art are completely different things. Picasso explains that art is a lie that allows us to realize the truth. And finally, John Berger speaks just about promotion macrocosm a form of art, and how it uses art to manipulate people into buyin g what is publicized. Berger says publicity ads have a way of working because ads focus on the future, which people are attracted to more than the present. Each of these authors have different opinions on how art is viewed and conceived, however they unite from similar points in their views.All art is art, and shouldnt be dismissed. In Statement to Marius De Zayas, 1923, Picasso states that art has to convince people of its truthfulness. In his article, Picasso defends the art of cubism.because cubism, exchangeable many other types of art, is not understood yet by most people. However, cubism isnt any different from a type of art someone likes and understandsit shares the same principles or elements as any/ all other types of art. Picasso elaborates on his claims by braggy the reader an sample of him reading an slope book. He says that reading a book doesnt make sense to him, yet it doesnt mean that the English language doesnt exist. He states that no one should be responsible f or him not being able to understand what he doesnt know overmuch about. Picasso believes that an individual shouldnt say a type of art isnt art only because they dont understand it.The individual should, instead, try to understand it, and if he/ she still doesnt consider it to be an art, the individual should claim to just dislike that specific type of art. Picasso and Heller both agree that art is art and that it shouldnt be questioned. Nancy G. Hellers book, Why a pic is Like a Pizza a Guide to Understanding and Enjoying modern-day maneuver starts with the authors experience making a pizza in Texas. From her experience, she concluded that motion picture is like a pizza. Just as many people have a variety of taste in pizza that they prefer, when people look at art, they have certain preferences in art as well. Some people usually completely dismiss certain groups of art, saying its not art at all. Heller defends artists who are victims of these cruel remarks by saying, anything anyone says is art should be in fact be regarded as art (Heller 10).All art should not only be regarded as art, but art overly is a lie that uncovers the truth. In Hellers article, one of her examples shows Rosa Bonheurs painting The Horse Fair (1853). This painting is very realistic like a photograph. On the contrary, the painting is just very convincing. Bonheurs painting of the galloping horses lie to the viewer, because the horses arent actually galloping in front of the viewer. However, it helps the viewer recognize the truth from the artists lies. All art lies, which help the viewer, uncover the truth. Nature and art arent the same. Only something real can be natural. Picasso agrees with Heller by saying, nature and art, being two different things, cannot be the same thing. Through art, we express our conception of what nature is not (Picasso par. 5). Picasso states that art needs to be an original ideaotherwise it is useless. An artwork being original allows the viewer to n otice the truth. He suggests that art isnt actually what the artwork portrays. Art is not truth. Art is a lie that makes us realize the truth (Picasso par. 3). Although paintings arent real, it can symbolize something that is real. In Ways of Seeing by John Berger, the author dialogue about all art (publicity ads or paintings) must be convincing to the viewer. forwarding begins by working on a natural appetite for pleasure. further it cannot offer the real object of pleasure and there is no convincing substituted for pleasure in that pleasures own terms.The more convincingly publicity conveys the pleasure of bathing in a warm, distant ocean, the more the spectator-buyer will become aware that he is hundreds of miles away from that sea and the more remote the observe of bathing in it will seem to him (Berger 132). The author gives an example of how publicity ads work by suggesting if a publicity ad was to show the pleasures of bathing in a warmand distant sea, the viewer (or buye r) will realize that he is many miles away from the sea that the ad is portraying, and the chance of bathing in that sea will seem far to him. If the viewers arent convinced from art, whether its a publicity ad or a painting, that artwork is not successful. If a viewer thinks that the representation of whatever the ad is trying to sell is intangible, the viewer will be less convinced.John Berger and Picasso share the same beliefs that art should run in the present. Since there is constant exposure of publicity ads, Berger believes that ads live in the present. Publicity ads are located almost anywhere in this world. From magazines and TVs to buses and billboards, ads are everywhere. Publicity ads are not only constantly around a persons surroundings, but also are always updated and/ or renewed. Although Berger talks about publicity ads living in the moment, they never represent the present time. Picasso similarly states, if a painting is looked at and appreciated by the viewer, its alive, living in the present. Picassos work has been echoed in his own idea. All of his work was made for the present and with the hope that it will always remain in the present (Picasso par. 11). Picasso gives an example of the Greek and Egyptian art. He proclaims that Greek and Egyptian art is more alive today than it was when the artwork as created. People are intrigued about how the artwork was made back then, and that alone keeps the early Greek and Egyptian artwork alive in the present.All authors have common beliefs on how art should be viewed and conceived. Art is art and it shouldnt be questioned. If art is hard to understand, it shouldnt be dismissed as not art it should categorized as a type of art an individual dislikes. Furthermore, paintings dont tell the truth however it is filled with lies that help an individual recognize the truth through the painting being convincing. And lastly, an artwork lives in the present timeeven if the artwork was made in the past.Work Ci tedBerger, John. Ways Of Seeing. London Penguin Book, 1977. Print. Heller, Nancy G. Why a Painting is Like a Pizza a Guide to Understanding and Enjoying Modern Art. Princeton Princeton University Press, 2002. Print. Picasso, Pablo. Statement to Marius de Zayas. The Arts. NY, May 1923. Translation approved by Picasso. Web. 18 September 2012. .

What is the Measure of Unhappy

The Simpsons, was a dysfunctional family, with no less than a rebellious son eternally getting into trouble in school and the community in general, and a drunkard father who would non hesitate to strangle said son at the slightest provocation. It is wacky and funny, owing to its cartoonish character and its brilliant writing. The identical can be said of the Bluth family in Arrested Development, where between feuding siblings, a drunkard, former socialite mother and a shoo-in father, at the center atomic number 18 values that remain somewhat intact.Their dysfunction, and tragic circumstances argon brought in a humorous light. Though with the title Little Miss Sunshine, we see zero point of the glamor we would wait a few minutes into the movie. This is no Simpsonsat least that family kept to their values, had the support of their Springfield contiguity this is no Arrested Development, as on that point is no one(a) member left that is functional replete, strong enough to kee p the ties together.For all intents and purposes, the Hoovers of Little Miss Sunshine are estranged, and ready to tear to separate directions. We are immediately introduced to people at the end of their ropesthe grandfather is a heroin addict, the uncle recently failed in his self-destruction attempt, the father is a failed self-help author, the son has all but disowned his dysfunctional family. The mother, for all her efforts to keep her family together, is ironically nothing but a foil to make clearer how much in desperate circumstance the family has gone.The movie centers about the eventual trip the family has to California, for a Little Miss Sunshine pageant for the youngest daughter, but here there is more opportunity to show how far down its members halt gone. No one member is not parasitical on the otherthe suicidal uncle could not be left alone, or alone with his nephew the grandfather, who has been with his granddaughter longest, is impliedly dependent on her for emotion al support this line of dependency eventually passes to the mother, and the father last. Everyone but the daughter is reluctantly pulled to the journey.There is not much to be said about the acting done in the movie, as every character was subtly played. Steve Carrell plays a person different altogether from his previous roles as family man or comic herohe plays a manic-depressive intellectual homosexual, and he delivers perfectly the consequential line where he explains to his niece why he tried to kill himself. Greg Kinnear, in portraying the niminy-piminy father who tries to maintain a semblance of reason to his family, successfully balances the seriousness of his mood maculation becoming involved in ridiculous flecks.Memorableperhaps owing to him being at the center of the unaccompanied loud scene in the entire movieis Alan Arkin, the wise cracking grandfather who breaks the stereotype of the embittered gaga man trapped in the memories of days past or a war they might ha ve taken past. The shining ray of light, perhaps, in the household is the little daughter, Olive Hoover, who spends countless days dreaming about pageants and watching the coronation of beauty queens. From what we see of her and her actions throughout the film, we wonder whether she was oblivious to the situation her family was in.There is a scene of her whooping with joy from room to room while from the kitchen the father and mother violently exchange words, eventually dragging the family in the argument in the process. In the aftermath of the scene, in comes Olive, silence whooping with joy. She is also constantly sheltered by her mother and her father, in separate circumstances from what would be deemed unlike at her age. For those who would search for the comedy in the movie, there is none but dry, tired humor.There are no exaggerated misadventures that the average Bluth or Simpson might encounter, but little troubles that could normally arise. Those who watched expecting seri ous or contemplative thought, would be the ones pleasantly surprised. For while in themselves the picture of a family running after the mess to catch a ride would be in itself funny, it does not break the gloom, but complement it. in the end each of them are pushed to the limits of their patience, and comes face to face with the measure of unhappiness. What measure is unhappy?The movie forces us to assume this question head-on, in-between the humorous intakes of breath. Each of the family members sees their vision of life fall apart the father sees the stroke of his venture to promote his book the uncle sees the vision of what he had lost come to life before him over again the son comes face to face with the prospect of a shattered dream, and there is a death in the family. Olive Hooper, protected from the harshness of their world, surprisingly becomes the one that shows them the light in it.The son, who worships Nietzsche and sees the final end to his dream, at long last and completely rejects everythinghis family and his life. Only the quiet gesture of his sister makes him realize that the trip is not about him, or his troubles. But her. And she was willing to sacrifice that time for him. When the mother, seeing her world start to come to pieces, finds support in the hug of her family, and her child. The father, coming to a point where he could choose to shatter his childs dreamknowing that he has, once and for all, been defeatedchooses instead to throw his worries away and join in the crazed merriment of his family.If one was to watch the movie, and look for something better that would come the main characters way, they would find the end underachieving. The family remains subdued, dysfunctional, and a ill fortune in each of their respective right. There is, however, something different indeedfor by the end we learn that while each of us has dreams, we do not need to place standards of happiness on attaining themwe can be happy in being with family, being ourselves.Its not the accomplishment of something, but the journey taken in its accomplishment that is important. In the end, happiness is not a state which we seek to attainbut a choice to be content with wherever we are. We could all take a cue on Olive. In the face of the troubles and misadventures of her family, the loss, and the pain each is faced with, she never loses the sunny disposition. And when she does lose it, everyone pitches in to rouse her from her gloom. Its because the divine guidance for them to keep going, and to keep living.

Faculty of Economics and Business Science Essay

Introduction How the Ameri bed Low-Cost Airline Industry Looks Like? In the post institution War II the federal g all overnment heavily correct period, commercial air turn ons in the US. As a leave alone, the nation was reliant on a few leading air passage companies. Competition was permitted but at bottom individual states. California and Texas were the merely two states that had both the geographical and demographic advantage to catch air kick the bucket attractive. Since 1938, the U.S. Congress formally regulated air transportation through the Civil aeronautics Act. This Act created a board to control the entry and exit of air carriers, to regulate fartheres, and to control mergers. These raw findings led to the deregulation of the air passage industry in 1978. deregulation was premised on the idea that an unregulated food groceryplace would approximate a perfectly belligerent industry, oneness that had numerous carriers, no probative economies of scale, and n o significant barriers to entry.As a result, m some(prenominal) reinvigorated entrants tried to establish on the air lane business market, although most of them beat bankrupt due to the fierce disputation on prices which made a profit margin to a fault low to stay in the game. Besides, financial crises in 1983 and 1990 made m any(prenominal) low- follow respiratory tracts leave the market. As an example, over 200 safety valve paths stopped run from 1983 to 1988. However, few significant air hoses were born at that time middle Airlines (1964) and Southwest Airlines (1967), Sun Country Airlines (1982).The relatively impertinent low-cost carriers include Allegiant Air (1997), frontier Airlines (1994), JetBlue (1999) and Virgin America (2004). In 2006 the low cost carriers feel a market sh atomic number 18 of 30% in the Unites States, comp atomic number 18d to 7% in 1990. One of the reasons for such an escalating increment could be a raising change of location demand in the US total reduce of passengers in 2012 reached 800 million We assume that such a significant market share should be understood as a separate industry. We would like to conk out the environment of the US low-cost air duct industry by applying following tools PESTEL analysis, Porters quintuple forces framework and Strategic Groupsanalysis.The Macro-EnvironmentWe leave alone start with the analysis of the largest layer of the business environment. In order to canvas the macro-environment we will apply PESTEL analysis to recognize to which extent the following six main factors have an carry on on the full-page industry. Political FactorThread of terrorism The airline industry has never in reality recovered from the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. This situation leads to more than invasive security procedures at the airports and customers dissatisfaction plane before taking a flight. September 11, 2001 has put a long-term shadow on the whole airline industry leading to si gnificantly amplyer ope grade be. The airline industry is super regulated by the Department of Transportation and the Federal Aviation Administration, primarily in areas of flight operations, maintenance and other(a) unhazardousty and technical matters. Stricter regulations on aircraft safety maintenance, for instance, are placing new burdens on operators of older aircraft. Average aircraft operational age in the industry is 11 years.The 1978 Airline Deregulation Act partially shifted control over air travel from the political to the market sphere. The Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), which had previously controlled entry, exit, and the pricing of airline services, mergers, and consumer issues, was phased out under the CAB Sunset Act and expired officially on December 31, 1984. The economic liberalization of air travel was part of a series of deregulation moves based on the increment realization that a politi augury controlled economy armed serviced no continuing public inte rest. U.S. deregulation has been part of a greater global airline liberalization tailor. Economic FactorThis economic part of the airlines industry has al nimble struggling the airlines to contend with declining passenger traffic, competition from low cost carriers, high aviation fuel prices, ram demands, and soaring maintenance and operating costs. All these factors have made the airlines to get in bankruptcies because they can no longer afford to run their operations profitably. Fuel is the airline industrys second largestexpense, exceeded only by labor. The major(ip) U.S. airlines spend more than $10 billion a year on fuel, which is nigh 10 portion of total operating expenses. As a result, increased fuel efficiency has been a top industry priority for many years. Significant changes appeared in the US economy among 1983 and 1988 the airline industry experienced a massive wave of bankruptcies, mergers, and acquisitions.Over 200 carriers odd the market, leaving ball club ai rlines (United, American, Continental, TWA, US Air, Pan Am, Delta, Northwest, and Eastern) to share 92 percent of domestic r as yetue. Contrary to initial expectations, deregulation real led to a decrease in competition. Airlines profitability is closely tied to economic appendage and trade. During the firstly half of the 1990s, the industry suffered not only from world recession but the Gulf War push depressed travel. In 1991 the number of international passengers dropped for the first time. The financial difficulties were exacerbated by airlines over-ordering aircraft in the boom years of the late 1980s, leading too significant excess capacity in the market.Mergers and acquisitions are seen to be one of the most important trends in the low-cost airline industry. Many carriers wee-wee up efforts to purchase small regional aircraft operating companies or even fuel suppliers of the local anesthetic level. This leads to lower operating costs and will result even into higher tick et prices in the future. The expectation for the US economy for the close years is that the growth rate will increase for 1.6% to 2.4%. Growing economy recollects an increase in buying actor of the customers. For this reason, the traveling demand is expected to increase in the future as well. Social FactorThe compose of the passengers has changed with more economically passengers and less business class passengers. Now with more information and social media the customers have high expectations in the low price sector of the tickets because the expected standards of the services have increased. Even for a low price passengers expect to have clean seats, smiling crew, no delays etc. Moreover, customers are ready to complain if the service does not meet their expectations. Technological FactorThough it is a fact that the airline industry uses technology extensively in its operations, they are limited to the aircraft and the operations of theairlines excluding the ticketing and the distribution aspects.This has prompted many experts to call on the airlines to make use of the advances in technology for the front office and the customer facing functions as well. In other words, the technological changes have to be adapted to include mobile technologies as far as ticketing, distribution, and customer service. Technology media now is necessary, for their promotion and for the customers that can buy their tickets in a safe and a quicly way. An example is that Southwest Airlines uses the technology extensively and it is a fact that the 75% of its profits the accompany gains due to the online sales. Such technologies as mobile phone applications, homepages, online reservations and others are not necessary just to be successful in the market they are an absolutely a must have for the airline to even start to make sales. Environmental FactorThe social responsibility initiatives are becoming more articulate in the airilines industry. As consumers and activists turn a critical eye towards the airlines and their corporate social responsibility. Many lot do not associate noise with pollution. entirely in the last decades the noise produced by jets has fail one of the airlines biggest environmental challenges, the one the companies have spent billions of dollars to address. Key to their noise reduction efforts has been the development and origin of new technology over the years. The airlines have implemented a recycling program to reduce the hail of solid waste they send to landfills. These are the most commons aluminum can recycling by flight, greater use of metal utensils and ceramic dishes, paper recycling of airline offices.Legal FactorThe number of lawsuits against airlines from both customers as well as workers has gone up. In other words, the regulators are being stricter with the airlines, which mean that they are now increasingly their strategies, and actualizing their strategies only after they are convinced that they are not violati ng any laws. For the airlines industry the customers are the priority beacuase they know thath having an airplane accident will have legal issues and can destroy a whole airiline.The legal system became intolerant of delays, safety issues, and other aspects has only served to increase the fears among the airlines as each and e very(prenominal) move of theirs is being checked. In the restrictions on mergers the U.S. Department of Justice approves a certain number of airline mergers, but also blocks a number of them because they fear a trend towards monopolization which would mean less competition and could lead to higher ticket prices. Airlines then sometimes turn on in lawsuits to defend their proposed merger and tend to succeed. Open Skies Agreement was signed in 2008, the intention of this U.S. and EU aviation pact was to allow greater access to U.S. markets by non-U.S. carriers. This means a greater competitive pressure for U.S. airlines. close from the PESTEL analysis Key drive rs from the macro-environment include political, economic and legal factors.In order to go the next layer of the environment industries and sectors we will use Porters five forces framework. This tool was authentic to estimate the industrys attractiveness. Another purpose of our analyze is to recognize dynamics of the US low-cost airline industry. bargain Power of SuppliersThe suppliers of airline companies are fuel supplier, foods supplier, aircraft supplier and airport facilities. It should be mentioned that the US supplier market for the airlines is quite limited. There exist only two possible suppliers for the airplanes Boeing and Airbus. There is a large investment required to purchase the airplanes. Thus, it makes it very difficult to commutation between these two suppliers (for instance, to switch from Boeing vehicles to Airbus) as the switching costs will be unavoidably high. Another issue which is worth mentioning in the case of switching to another supplier all mec hanics and pilots should be retrained according to the standards of a new supplier. In the past, low-cost carriers tended to operate older aircraft purchased second-hand. Since 2000, however, fleets generally consist of newer, more fuel efficient aircraft. These are extremely efficient aircraft in legal injury of fuel, training, maintenance andcrew costs per passenger.Airlines are also extremely hooked on Boeings and Airbuss innovation strategy e exceptionally low-cost carriers have petty bargaining power to negotiate with the suppliers and order special custom-made vehicles (for example, airlines cannot make an order to Boeing/Airbus to produce special airplanes with more seats/less fuel costs in order to maximize airlines profits). Thus, the power of the suppliers makes the airlines to adopt their strategies to a new fleet and the other way round Fuel market is quite monopolized as well (PDVSA, Venezuela Petrobras, Brazil). Moreover, price of aviation fuel is necessitately r elated to the cost of oil. It implies difficulties to the airlines as oil market is very unpredictable and tend to increase. For this reason airlines prefer to sign long-term contracts with the fuel suppliers in order to negotiate fuel prices for the future as well. Foods suppliers do not cause any specific difficulties for the low-cost airlines due to two main points.Firstly, many low-cost carriers do not serve a warm/cooked food for the passengers. Secondly, foods suppliers have little bargaining power as their market is highly competitive as well. This makes it very easy for the airline to switch to another foods supplier. Large airports charge very high prices for contract or buying the gates. Thus, they are seen as a big challenge for the airlines. On the other hand, regional airports have little bargaining power as they are heavily subject to make their profits from a regionally dominant airline. It is worth mentioning that it is very important for the low-cost airlines to overcome on the regional level.But in this case, low-cost carriers do not challenge fees of regional airports they alternatively compete with other low-cost airlines to get the airport gates. Conclusion In general, bargaining power of suppliers in US low-cost airline industry is very high, although there can be some differences between the national and regional level of operating. Regional low-cost airlines are not so much dependent on airports bargaining power, but even this issue does not affect the whole picture of the industry. Bargaining Power of CustomersCustomers seem to be very price sensitive. According to the survey conducted in 2010, 36 percent of travelers ranked price as their top consideration while choosing a airline. The second most precious factor, with 32 percent respectively, is particular schedules and routes the airline can offer to apassenger. Surprisingly, on-time performance and star rating all gathered seven percent or less. Thus, customers behavior toward s prices makes low-cost carriers participate in a fierce competition on low prices for the flights and invite special sales offers and promotions to gather new customers. The next problem which low-cost companies face is low switching costs for the passengers. The opportunity to compare prices from different airlines online allows the customers to make a best-choice decision. According to the survey mentioned above, only less than two percent of travelers mentioned brand loyalty to be a crucial factor of choosing an airline to fly with.Increase in customers cognisance about expression the prices also puts some limits on the airlines strategies modern travelers know exactly how much their flight tickets should cost They are aware that most low-cost carriers try to promote online sales in order to shorten their costs by not renting offices and not establishing call centers with call agents. Todays customers also understand that online check-in allows the airline to cut its costs for renting check-in desks at the airports etc. As a result of this awareness, customers become more suspicious about the price and have higher expectations for the services. Conclusion expense became for the customers the most crucial factor to decide what airline they want to use. No switching costs and customers awareness define as well that customers possess a huge bargaining power towards low-cost carriers in the US. Threat of New EntrantsDeregulation law of 1978 had a great impact on the whole US airline industry. The idea of deregulation changed the airline business into a perfectly competitive industry with numerous carriers, no significant economies of scale, and no significant barriers to entry. After plenty of mergers and acquisitions in the airline industry in the 1980s were executed, over 200 carriers left the market. Thus, US deregulation created a more concentrated airline market with no specific barriers for the new entrants on the other hand. Historically, it has been seen very prestige to owe an airline for this reason a lot of investors tried to enter the industry despite of its low attractiveness. Most of them, however, left the market as the airlines declared themselves being bankrupt. In general, airline industry has one of the highest turnover rate over 60% of all new entrants leave the marketin the first five operating years. There is a high capital investment required to enter the industry.Moreover, investors cannot change the existing prices in the industry. Most costs for the airline are built from its heady costs (renting or purchasing fleet, renting airport gates, fuel costs, salary paid to the personnel, trainings). This makes it very difficult to reduce the costs when needed fixed costs cannot be reduced in the emergency case. Restricted slot availability makes it even more difficult for the new entrants to find suitable airports. Especially in the low-cost sector of the US airline industry it causes extremely high challenges f or the new entrants to have enough basis to set low fares for the flight tickets.By setting very low and competitive ticket prices a new entrant should take a risk to stay unprofitable for the first operating years as a new company has a lot of debts from the investment and no customer base to make enough profits. On the other hand, as we analyzed before no close customer relationship is possible within a low-cost airline industry. Hence, if a new entrant is able to catch customers attention by setting low fares this airline can expect the profits in a short time. Conclusion Although the new entrants will face a fierce price war readyly after come in the market, there are some key factors (low prices, different routes) that can save the company from going bankrupt. Nevertheless, the interweave of new entrants in the industry tends to be low.Competitive RivalryAs mentioned before, the low-cost carrier market in the USA is highly competitive due to heavy pressure on prices, margins , and hence on profitability. Besides, the industry is characterized by the following specifics Most cost advantages can be copied immediately.Low chances to participate in the competition for the national market as the two major low-cost airlines (Spirit Airlines, Southwest Airlines) have avoided direct head to head competition by choosing different routes to serve. Existing rivalry is competing on the regional and local level. Not much differentiation between services. Price is the main differentiating factor. The pricing policy of the low cost carriers is usually very dynamic, with discounts and tickets in promotion. A new tendency towards prices theprices steadily rise thereafter to a point where they can be comparable or more expensive than a flight on a full-service carrier. Conclusion highly competitive environment.Threat of SubstitutesHistorically, airlines have satisfied the demand for a speedier travel experience with faster aircraft. Travelers choose air for a variety of reasons chief among them are costs and time. But in the future airlines can be on the edge of losing this advantage if high-speed rail will be improved. In this case more travelers will re-evaluate this alternative, and many will quit flying because of the reasons they disfavor air travel check-in/security hassles, lost productive time, lower-than expected reliability on in-time pass and arrival, and negative environmental impact. Rail is not a complete substitute for air travel in all markets because longer distances magnify the effects of slower travel speeds.But for travel distances of less than 1,200 kilometers, high-speed rail can be seen as a viable choice. It is worth saying that after the Deregulation law in 1978 the American railway was quite abandoned as most travelers switched to the air travel due to the low fares offered for the tickets. Thus, American railway has hardly introduced new rail destinations and can be still seen to be a substation for the air travel tod ay. Nevertheless, the situation can change if investment in the cash advance of American rail destinations will be made. Buses are not a substition for the US low-cost carriers as their prices (even for the regional destination) are comparable to the prices for the flight tickets. Conclusion Low-cost carriers are not threatened by the substition by railway/buses.The summary of the Porters five forces analysis can be represented by the following graphConclusion from the Porters five forces framework The U.S. low-cost airline industry is not an attractive industry to enter because of the heavy competition, large turnover rates and high fixed costs which results in one of the lowest profitability of all industries.Now we came to the most immediate layer by which the companies are surrounded layer of competitors and markets. We will conduct the analysis of this layer by dividing the airline industry into particular Strategic Groups. We decided to define Strategic Groups by following terms by geographic coverage (national, regional, international) and by customer satisfaction (measured in the airline industry by a scale from 1-1000 points). Conclusion to the Strategic Groups The most direct competitors of low cost-carriers are very much other low-cost carriers. There is a strong competitive rivalry both within the strategic group of low cost carriers like Southwest Airlines and JetBlue, but also there exists a competition between strategic groups. For instance, a big low cost-carrier Southwest also competes with Delta Air Lines who is the largest legacy/major U.S.airline who operates in both a domestic and an international network. According to our research, critical success factors for the low-cost airline industry include ticket fares, waiting times for flights, safety measure, customer-oriented service and comfort, special sales offers (for example, frequent-flyers programs), airport fees, number of destinations, costs of airplaines, fuel price conditions, o nline ticket booking, high-frequency flights.

R. R. Donnelly & Sons: the Digital Division

R. R. Donnelly & Sons The Digital Division (Case Synopsis) R. R. Donnelley & Sons was suffering with an ad-hoc technology development process. Once this process had to be changed and red-hot technology development process had to be brought in. R. R. Donnelley & Sons with 6% share of the $80 billion print food merchandise is certainly the market leader. But the level of competition was rising rapidly as well. The printing market was going online and electronic with the online service providers and software packages were making four color images available electronically.Smaller printing companies were besides building alliances with firms that had high-capacity networks for transmitting files. Despite digital division being a good idea, it was essentially right(prenominal) their core business. only divisions knew the potential of digital technology but did not know enough roughly the markets and were scared of unproven technology. The biggest issue faced by the Digital Division was whether they would be accepted or not by other divisions in the organization itself. The company knew that digital technology was the future.And that the company take to improve on demand printing and delivery on time as well. But the chore was convincing the other divisions. They could not do it with their arguments or with the incentives they gave. The solution would be to accept the advantages of the digital technology by the CEO, john Walter not as a different division. This is done so that the profitability and the earth of other divisions are not affected. It should benefit the organization not as a separate division. All the divisions in the organization must work together as one to contribute to the organizational goals and growth.

Romeo and Juliet Compare and Contrast

Compare and Contrast Romeo and Juliet is a story about two star crossed lovers who go out by fate. This great piece of literature written, by William Shakespeare will be compared with Baz Lurmans rendition of Romeo and Juliet. The photographic film missed some details from the play it in like manner added some extra scenes save it still contained the responsibility mood and scenes for it to be a Romeo and Juliet movie. A major similarity between the movie and play occurs in mood.An example of this is the marriage scene. In the marriage scene of the play, Romeo and Juliet act very serious. The reader can make out this by the way the two speak. Romeo says that the Holy Words the Friar speaks can make something without an equal which is a very intelligent thing to say. Similarly in the movie Romeo and Juliet some(prenominal) act serious. This is shown through thither clothes, faces, and by the way they act. Romeo wears a suit, and Juliet wears a beautiful dress.Also you can tell by there faces that they savour determined to get married and they both act very professional their not jumping about like 5 years olds their acting how people should be when they are getting married. A banging difference between the play and movie is that Romeo is being chased by the police as he is making his way to Juliets resting place. In the play this never even happened he yet got on a horse and went to the place. Lurman had to include put a chase in there, but thats just one weird thing in this scene the other one is that Romeo takes a hostage because he gets surrounded by the police.This part was probably not expected by a lot people. other deference is the ending of both the play and movie. In the play thinking that Juliet is dead, Romeo drinks some poison. When Juliet wakes up and discovering Romeo died she stabs herself with his dagger. They both lie next to each other, dead, and Juliet has yet another funeral, and Romeo has one too. Their families bury their differ ences and end their long feud. They also built a gold statue to honour Rome and Juliet.In contrast the movie ends with Romeo finding Juliet dead so he drinks the poison but this time Juliet wakes up but Romeo has already drunken the poison so Juliet shoots her self in the head. Some people were not too happy about that. In expiry the movie contained the necessary elements for it to be a fairly good adaptation of William Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet but it missed details from the play and added a few details which may not be like by all audiences. Both the play and movie are great.

A Trip to Spain

It was a beautiful Saturday afternoon and me and my friend Sam were hanging unwrap at both(prenominal) coffee place enjoying each others company. Sam and I have been friends since we were nigh five dollar bill years old making our bond stronger than any of my other friends. I glanced at him and suddenly legal opinion of a brilliant idea.Spring break was just around the corner and we both love traveling. I told him that I want to go to Italy since I have been interested in the Italian culture for the immenseest time. I have read a lot close the country, and even tried to learn the language for both(prenominal) time. I also love to watch Italian football.However, Sam indicated that he preferred going to Spain. He had a lot of Spanish friends and wanted to know more ab bulge out the country. After arguing for a while, we decided to check the travel agencies in the area and take the cheapest megabucks for a trip to Spain. This is how my experience with Sam goes. We both have d ifferent opinions and points of visualize but we try to compromise to be fitting to decide on things.When we arrived at the travel agency, a crowd of people wanting to book flights for their vacations wel coped us inside. Luckily, at that place was one available agent at the corner of the office. We approached her and stated that we were planning take a trip to either Spain or Italy for one week and we would prefer to take the cheapest offer.After a fewer minutes of checking their system on the computer, she related that the cheapest flight was to Malaga, which is the capital of Costa del Sol, in the south region of Spain. The package would also come along with a hotel accommodation. This was erect news for us and we excessivelyk the offer without hesitation.The flight to Spain was non until after a few old age and I spent those days trying to prepare for the trip. I made a checklist of what I was supposed to bring. I thought very care mounty of the clothes and shoes that I would bring. I also made sure that my camera was fully charged. I even did my inquiry about Spain in the Internet.The day of the flight to Spain came quickly. I arrived at the airport at six oclock in the morning and found Sam waiting for me. He looked slightly annoyed because I was a point late but I explained that my alarm clock did not go off and apologized for this.I am delightful because Sam is very understanding. If this had been any(prenominal) other person, he or she would not have understood and would not have accepted my apology quickly, since this was an important day for both of us. But it was Sam and this is how he truly is and I am glad for this. We were lucky because our flight was delayed.At 730 a.m., the air monotonous took off the airport. The plane was full of tourists. We found our way to our assigned seats. We placed our carry-ons inside the compartment overhead and took our seats. We got comfortable and Sam began talk of the town to the young lady next t o him. I did not realize that I have fallen prodigal somnolent. The thing I knew was Sam was waking me up because the plane was about to land.The Malaga airport was small and there were no English signs. We did not know where to go and the place was crowded with people speaking notwithstanding in Spanish. Sam looked around to see if he recognized anyone from our flight. We were so relieved when we heard some English language calling those from our flight to gather around.We walked to the voice and there was a young homokind who looked like he was Spanish and an one old man whom I recognized from the flight. The old man asked us which city we were headed to and we indicated that we were planning to go to Malaga. They then led us to the bus that would take us to Malaga. The ride took 30 minutes before we arrived at the hotel.We approached the front desk and checked in our room. Sam was mental picture tired and wanted to rest for a while but I was feeling like a tourist and want ed to explore the city at that moment. However, Sam was really persistent on resting commencement so I told him that I would go out alone and would come rearwards for him after a few hours. It was sunny and warm and I had no idea where to go first.I decided to take a walk on the beach because I found the sea view amazing with the sand having no traces of trash or any unpleasant things. Walking around trying to explore the area, I comprehend that someone was cooking fish and the aroma made me realize that I had not eaten except for the food, which was served in the airplane. I felt my stomach growling when I saw the restaurants lined up along the beach. I picked one that looked new from its designs and interior.The menu was written in Spanish and I only knew a few words in Spanish and found that this would be harder than I thought. I tried telling the waiter that I wanted a meal with shrimps but unfortunately, the waiter only knew a few words in English.Another waiter was called whom I presumed knew how to speak in English better. I repeated my order, which he took, and surveyed the view of the beach. While waiting for my food, I got into thinking that differences in languages can really become a barricade of communication not only in Spain but everywhere. After I finished my meal, I go along walk of life by the beach and tried to shop for souvenirs from the gift shops along the way.The beach was very long and I believe I walked for three to four miles before noticing that the sun was beginning to set. I went back to the hotel to wake up Sam but when I entered the room, I saw that Sam was already arouse and looked like he just finished a meal.Sam was not bothered that he missed walking on the beach and simply stated that he could go the next day. This is what I liked about him. He is not someone who considers things as a cosmic deal, which can make things complicated.At around 1000 p.m., we decided to go to a iniquity club, which was not too far from the hotel. The club was too big and there were a lot of people inside. I heard group of people talking in English so I felt comfortable enough to approach them. Meanwhile, Sam went to buy some drinks from the bar. The group consisted of three girls and two boys.After introducing ourselves and getting to know their names, we found out that they have arrived two days ago and experienced the same problem with the language. We all sat together in an area where the symphony was lower and we were able to hear each other better.We talked about numerous things but it was mostly about Spain and its culture. After the discussions, we managed to get into the center of dance floor and danced until we were too exhausted. Sam and I came back to the hotel with too much to drink.The next day, I woke up with a hangover. I looked over to Sams bed and saw that he was awake too. We laughed as we tried to recollect what had happened the night before. Sam related that I fell asleep on the table at the c lub and he had to carry me all the way back to the hotel. I was shocked to hear about this because this has never happened to me before.I apologized to Sam and blamed the alcohol for my behavior. I was relieved when he said that it was okay since he also had a good time at the club. Sam is much(prenominal) a good a friend. I can always rely on him to look out for me and he does not mind this. After making more fun of me, we decided to have some breakfast.Later in the day, in the heart of Malaga, Sam and I sat in a French caf, which was full of people from different parts of the world. The weather was beautiful that day so we sat outside the coffee shop observing the people walking by. I lit my cigarette and started drinking my cappuccino when the group we met last night approached us.The girl with the dark hair commented that it was a crazy night. I was a bit embarrassed when I remembered what happened but I agreed with what she said. We talked some more about the night before and had a good laugh. Then, I mentioned that there was a soccer game tomorrow where Barcelona would be playing against Malaga. I invited them to come with us and they quickly agreed since they had no plans for that particular day.

Network Design Consultation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Network Design Consultation - Research Paper ExampleThese elements go forth all surely be discussed very in-depth in this piece. II. Recommended Design, Hardw ar, & Softwargon That Meets The Customers Needs A recommended design that ordain meet the customers needs will have 3 computers a printer will also be included. File sharing is included, along with wireless internet access, several Gmail and Yahoo and/or Admin addresses at the organizations official address additionally, basic security like Norton Antivirus, can be purchased. This would all be within the ballpark of $4000, $1000 under budget, with running costs about $cc per month. There have been several studies done showing that good technical writing yields helpful results, specially when it comes to task-oriented information. According to Pringle and OKeefe (2003), Task-oriented writing makes up the bulk of technical documentationinstallation manuals, getting started manuals, and substance abuser guides, for example (pp . 91). III. Original Diagram of the Configuration IV. ... This would probably be done with the help of an online site such(prenominal) as CodePad (at http//www.codepad.org) or others which helps a broadcastmer figure out if his or her C++ (or other lineament of code) works functionally. Thus, one can test ones own code being entered intothe online program and see if ones code works. Finally, the written report would basically evidence how the code works, wherefore it would be used, and how it would be beneficial to the organization that would be utilizing it. To be brief, basically the written report would demonstrate the facility of use and usefulness of the scheduling code for the supervisory roles or Admins. It might also be a code which could be marketed to other organizations and/or business or be put online as open source code in order to enhance businesses functioning so they would run more smoothly. V. embody Table Listing All Items Needed to Purchase and Associated Co sts ITEM COST virus Protection (Norton Antivirus) Subscription for One Year $100 3 computers (1 Mac OSX, 2 Windows 7) $2000 Admins Salary $1900 Total Cost $4000 VI. Basic Configuration Recommended for a Secure Computing Environment The core activities to be focused upon are to provide clear purpose and direction to the workforce, optimize use of financial and other resources, increase running(a) efficiency and effectiveness, plan and prioritise projects and activities and deliver on time, and remain within budget and achieve carrying out targets. There are six important activities that lay at the heart of organizational dealings, many of which are aligned with becoming a green or environmentaly-friendly company. These are technical, commercial, financial,