Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Ritalin,...

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Ritalin, and the Brain Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, more commonly referred to as simply ADHD, is the most commonly diagnosed disorder among American children today. According to the National Institute on Mental Health an estimated 3 to 5 percent of school age children are affected by this disorder. (1) There are more diagnosed cases of ADHD of in the United States than there are anywhere in the world. The main symptoms of ADHD include developmentally inappropriate levels of attention, concentration, activity, distractibility, and impulsivity. (1) While the number of people diagnosed with ADHD increases dramatically every year, there is still much about the disorder that is not†¦show more content†¦While studies conducted on the short-term use of these drugs have indicated strongly favorable results in reducing the symptoms of ADHD, at the present there have not been any conclusive studies to show the long-term effects of methylphenidate. To look at the other side of the debate on ADHD one must also consider the argument that while scientists at the moment do not completely understand the nature of ADHD, they are obligated to learn more. If the use of Ritalin has shown obviously beneficial effects is it not logical to use it? The debate surrounding the use of psychostimulants drugs, and more specifically Ritalin, has mainly to do with the lack of understanding concerning ADHD than it does with the drugs themselves. Scientists believe that one first one has to recognize ADHD as a disorder before one can proceed to evaluate its treatments. Ultimately the battle over Ritalin and ADHD demonstrates the lack of understanding we as humans have of the brain and how it functions. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder most popularly associated with an inability to concentrate has been identified by the American Psychiatric Association as displaying nine possible symptoms. To be diagnosed with ADHD a person must display at least six of the nine symptoms. These symptoms include: -Making careless mistakes in schoolwork -Difficulty sustainingShow MoreRelatedCentral Nervous System Stimulant: Ritalin Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pages Ritalin is a brand name for methylphenidate. Ritalin is a mild central nervous system stimulant that doctors prescribe to treat several disorders. The most common use of Ritalin is for the treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Another known use of Ritalin is in the treatment of Narcolepsy. A doctor might also prescribe it to treat depression. Ritalin and other drugs in the stimulant class, work by increasing the neurotransmittersRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1100 Words   |  5 PagesAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) What is ADHD? Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric illness characterized by problems with attention as well as hyperactivity. Individuals also tend to act impulsively. The exact cause is unclear but is likely related to genetic factors as first-degree relatives are often affected. The disease frequently begins in childhood and may progress into adulthood. The condition is also often associated with other psychiatric comorbiditiesRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Abstract There have been major concerns about the different kinds of learning disorders and the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is one. While there are different kinds of the learning disorders which affect the old and the young alike, researchers have not been able to find the cause of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. This paper will begin by discussing the definition of the disorder, the recent statistics of childrenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Introduction Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), once called hyperkinesis or minimal brain dysfunction, is one of the most common mental disorders among children. (Elia, Ambrosini, Rapoport, 1999) It affects 3 to 5 percent of all children, with approximately 60% to 80% of these children experiencing persistence of symptoms into adolescence and adulthood, causing a lifetime of frustrated dreams and emotional pain. There are two types of attentionRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd ) And The Frontal Lobe887 Words   |  4 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) and the Frontal Lobes Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) throughout history has been seen as a behavioral issue. The prevalence and attention given to ADD/ADHD as a disorder has not become apparent until more modern times. With the coming of Drugs, treatment seemed to become common and successful. There are many risk factors believed to contribute to developing ADD/ADHD. However, no correlates are indeedRead More Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Essay1367 Words   |  6 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder â€Å"ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is like living in a fast moving kaleidoscope where sounds, images and thoughts are constantly shifting.† (NIMH-ADHD) ADHD can be very frustrating and difficult for children. Medication and treatment are available and have been proven effective. Parents can also get frustrated and they could do something wrong. ADHD is effectively treated with medication and therapy. There are three basic typesRead MoreLiving with Attention Deficit Disorder Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesLiving with Attention Deficit Disorder Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is a neurobiological disorder. Recent research shows that the symptoms of ADD are caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain. (Rebecca Chapman Booth) With ADD there is a flaw in the way the brain manages the neurotransmitter production, storage or flow, causing imbalances. It has been suggested that as many as 80 percent of ADD cases are the result of genetics with the remainder caused by toxins, trauma or illnessRead MoreEssay about Ritalin And Its Uses1453 Words   |  6 Pages Ritalin and Its Uses nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In recent years, more and more kids seem to be on a prescription drug called Ritalin(methylphenidate). This drug is being handed out more and more by doctors as a way of treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, a complex neurological impairnment that prevents kids from concentrating. According to the Drug Enforcement Agency, it rose fron 200 grams per 100,000 people to over 1400 grams per 100,000 people in the last fifteen years. TheRead MoreGiving Children ADHD Medication1657 Words   |  7 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder that causes children to have problems with paying attention, trouble with following instructions, have impulsive behaviors and become easily distracted. Medications, such as Adderall and Ritalin, are used to treat the symptoms of this disorder by helping the patient to focus and pay attention while also curbing their impulsive behavior and hyperactivity. Side effects of these medications are, but not limited to, anxiety, addictionRead MoreAttention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pages Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is a common thing in many homes, schools, and work areas. It is a disorder that makes focusing and sitting still impossible. Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder can be classified into three major symptoms. The first symptom is Hyperactivity. It causes rapid movement and the inability to sit still. The second major symptom is Inattention. This causes you to have trouble paying attention to things and can even make it hard to complete task. The last symptom

Community Sharing One Skin Free Essays

The Okanagan people, also spelled Okanogan, are a First Nations and Native American people whose traditional territory spans the U. S. -Canada boundary in Washington state and British Columbia. We will write a custom essay sample on Community: Sharing One Skin or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Wiki, 2011) Known in their own language as the Syilx, they are part of the Interior Salish ethnological and linguistic groupings, the Okanagan are closely related to the Spokan, Sinixt, Nez Perce, Pend Oreille, Shuswap and Nlaka’pamux peoples in the same region. Wiki, 2011) When the Oregon Treaty partitioned the Pacific Northwest in 1846, the portion of the tribe remaining in what became Washington Territory reorganized under Chief Tonasket as a separate group from the majority of the Okanagans, whose communities remain in Canada. (Wiki, 2011) The Okanagan Tribal Alliance, however, also incorporates the American branch of the Okanagans, who are part of the Confederated Tribes of the Colville, a multi-tribal government in Washington State. Wiki, 2011) The bounds of Okanagan territory are roughly the Basin of Okanagan Lake and the Okanagan River, plus the basin of the Similkameen River to the west of the Okanagan valley, and some of the uppermost valley of the Nicola River. (Wiki, 2011) The various Okanagan communities in British Columbia and Washington form the Okanagan Nation Alliance, a border-spanning organization which includes American-side Okanogans resident in the Colville Indian Reservation, where the Okanagan people are sometimes known as Colvilles. Wiki, 2011) A group of Okanagan people in the Nicola Valley, which is at the northwestern perimeter of Okanagan territory, are known in their dialect as the Spaxomin, and are joint members in a historic alliance with neighboring communities of the Nlaka’pamux in the region known as the Nicola Country, which is named after the 19th Century chief who founded the alliance, Nicola. (Wiki, 2011) This alliance today is manifested in the Nicola Tribal Association. As in the reading, you can imagine how spiritual and well-being play a huge role in their culture. Every word in their ulture has a very important meaning for their way of life. Jeannette Armstrong refers to her culture and the word â€Å"Okanagan† in a lot of deep and emotional depth. Armstrong explains the word Okanagan comes from a whole understanding of what they are as human beings. They can identify each other through that word in their interaction, prayer, and they identify there selves as human as well, different from birds trees and animals. The first part of the word refers to the physical realm. The second part of the word refers to the dream or the dream state, but Okanagan doesn’t precisely mean â€Å"dream. It actually means â€Å"the unseen part of our existence as human beings. † They are dream memory and imagination. The third part of the word means that if you take a number of strands, hair, or twine, place them together and then rub your hands and bind them together, they become one strand. Use this thought symbolically when you make a rope, twine, or weave a basket. They are tied into a part of everything. â€Å"I know my position and my responsibilities for that specific location and geographic area, which is how I introduce myself. The Okanagan people identify there selves as four main capacities that operate together: the physical self, the emotional self, the thinking-intellectual self, and the spiritual self. The Okanagan people teach that each person is born into a family and a community. No person is born isolated from those two things. As an Okanagan you are automatically accepted. You belong. You are them. Wouldn’t this be nice in our current society here in the U. S. The Okanagan refer to relationships with others using a word that means â€Å"our one skin. This means that they share more than a place; they share a physical tie that is uniquely human, that the many that became before the Okanagan and the many ahead of the Okanagan share their flesh. Community comes first, then family and finally the individual. This is interesting to me. Do you think we as a population have this line of thinking? I would have to say a big percent of us think of ourselves in this society. Indigenous people, not long removed from their cooperative, self-sustaining lifestyles on their lands do not survive well in this atmosphere of aggression and dispassion. The Okanagan word they have for extended family is translated as â€Å"sharing one skin. † The concept refers to blood ties within community and extends the instinct to protect our individual selves to all who share the same skin. Armstrong knows how powerful the solidarity is of peoples bound together by land, blood, and love. This is the largest threat to interests wanting to secure control of lands and resources that have been passed on in a healthy condition from generation to generation of families. Armstrong goes on to saying she is pessimistic about changes happening; the increase of crimes, worldwide disasters, total anarchy, and the possible increase of stateless oligarchies; borders are disappearing, and true sustainable economies are crumbling. However, she has learned that crisis can help build community so that it can face the crisis itself. Since time immemorial, the history of the Okanagan began, long before the arrival of the Europeans. They are the Syilx-speaking people – the original inhabitants of a vast and beautiful territory that encompasses forests, grasslands, lakes and desert. For thousands of years, the Okanagan people were self-reliant and well provided for through their own ingenuity and use of the land and nature. They lived united as a nation with a whole economy, travelling the breadth and depth of their territory, hunting and fishing, growing and harvesting, crafting and trading to meet their needs. Since reading this chapter of the Okanagan people, I have learned a lot about these very fascinating people. I also believe if every culture was like the Okanagan people, our planet would be a much peaceful, spiritual, and well respected place. How to cite Community: Sharing One Skin, Papers

Relationship between personal and professional values Free Sample

Question: What is the relationship between personal and professional values, ethics and the legislative framework for Social Work? Answer: The objective of this paper is to explore the relationship between the personal values and the professional values, the ethics and the legislative framework for social work. In this paper, I would establish links between each section of the paper to my chosen case study; the Slater family. The personal can be defined as a set of strong beliefs and opinions that an individual considers to be important and worthy in his or her life. Values are also sometimes seen as problematic as they may change over time. (Beckett and Maynard, 2013). Examples of personal values are: equality, justice, honesty, positivity, respect and etc. These values are formed within a person once they start to understand the difference between good or bad and right or wrong. It is correct that right or wrong is a very subjective matter and this is precisely the reason that the personal values of people differ. The personal values would encompass cultural, moral, traditional, political or religious values. Personal values and their meanings are unique for every individual and they differ greatly from person to person. In fact, the personal values can differ even within the same profession. A Social Workers personal values may affect how he carry himself and the decisions and choices he make within hi s professional practice. Therefore, it is crucial for Social Workers to be aware of the existence of these values and their roots. For many individuals the reason behind their choice of this career path is mainly because of the values; to some extent their personal values are congruent to the values of Social Work. However there may still be times in a Social Workers career where they may find themselves in conflict between their personal values and professional values. Professional values are the principles that are set out to guide individuals on how to act and behave within a professional practice. Professional values state how every practitioner should treat their clients. Although the HCPC code of conducts sets out clear guidelines on how every Social Worker should carry out their actions in practice, the professional values are distinct from those which are set by legislations and policies. Professional values are the values that are held in common by a profession, whether they are written formally or just known informally. Also each of the Social Work organisations may have their own set of values. (Beckett and Maynard, 2013). Examples of Professional Social Work values are: commitment to achieving social change in order to meet socially recognized needs, giving importance to the most vulnerable individuals of society, respecting differences within groups and individuals and etc. It is important that the social workers should create a balance between their personal values and their professional values. It is very common for Social Workers to experience conflicts between their personal and professional values throughout practice. This conflict is a major problem for social workers. The problem occurs not only with this conflict, but also when the personal and professional values conflict with the needs of the diverse service users. However the professional values will determine how a Social Worker should perform as a professional practitioner. Therefore in every situation, before coming to a decision the Social Worker will need to question their personal values to see if it is compatible to the professional values. Moreover, when the two contradict, the professional values will always dominate the personal values as the Social Worker will put aside their own personal values, in order to conduct themselves in an appropriate professional manner (Banks, 2012). An example of when a Social Workers personal and professional values may come in conflict is if they were to be a religious induvial who did not believe in homosexuality and they were assigned to work with a gay couple, their personal values may lead them to treating them less favourably than the other service users; however their professional values will guide them to the right path; respecting diversity and treating people equally. These issues may impact upon the Slater Family in various ways because the Social Workers personal values will make them look down a different road in regards to this case, whilst the professional values will bring them back, reminding them of the professional standards that they must maintain. One example of an issue that may arise with the Slater family is that both of the parents are unemployed and the family are on low income, living on housing and other benefits. The Social Workers personal values may allow them to be prejudice towards the family; thinking that they are just uneducated lazy people, who did not do further study or make any effort to try get a job. A second issue may be that the mother Sally, has learning disability. Even in todays society there are individuals who still frown upon people with a disability. The Social Worker may presume that Sally is incapable of doing anything due to her learning disabilities, even small tasks and therefore considered not fit to be a mother. Another example of an issue could be the race of either of the parents, as the father is white British and mother mixed-race British. In this situation if the Social Worker is from a by different ethnicity they may find it difficult to work with people of different cultures. There may be further complications if the Social Worker who is assigned to this family, struggles to come to terms with their personal and professional values whilst working on their case. Therefore it is crucial for Social Work professionals to come to an understanding with their personal and professional values to ensure that they are providing the best possible service to all their service users. One other major issue is that Darren and Sally are allowing their friends to take drugs in their flat. The Social Workers personal values may be that this kind of behaviour is unacceptable, they will have certain expectations regarding substance misuse, especially since it is in the presence of two young children.

Problem set Essay Example

Problem set Essay Problem set BY lu19920218 ECE 302 Problem Set 9 Fall 2013 The following problems have been selected from the course text. 4. 78 In a large collection of wires, the length of a wire is X, an exponential random variable with mean 511 cm. Each wire is cut to make rings of diameter 1 cm. Find the probability mass function for the number of complete rings produced by each length of wire. 4. 85 The exam grades in a certain class have a Gaussian pdf with mean m and standard deviation o. Find the constants a and b so that the random variable Y = ax + has a Gaussian pdf with mean m and standard deviation o . 4. 86, 4. 87 Let X = U n where n is a positive integer and U is a uniform random variable in the unit interval. Find the cdf and pdf of X. Repeat for the case where U is uniform in the interval [-1, 1]. 4. 94 modified Let Y = a where X is uniformly distributed in the interval (-1/2, 1/2). a. Show that Y is a Cauchy random variable. b. Find the pdf of Z = IN . 4. 96 Find the pdf of X† In(l U where U is a uniform random variable in (O, 1). . 9 modified Let X be a random variable with mean m. Compare the Chebyshev inequality and the exact probability for the event {IX m I c} as a function of c for the case where: a. X is a uniform random variable in the interval b]; b. X has pdf fX(x) = 2 exp(-alxl); c. X is a zero mean Gaussian random variable with variance 0 2 . 4. 100 Let X be the number of successes in n Bernoulli trials where the probability of success is p. Let Y = X/n be the average number of successes per trial. We will write a custom essay sample on Problem set specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Problem set specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Problem set specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Apply the Chebyshev inequality o the event {IY pl a}. What happens as n †+ m? 4. 102 a. Find the characteristic function of the random variable X uniformly distributed over b). b. Find the mean and variance of X by applying the moment theorem. 4. 105 modified a. Show that the characteristic function of a Gaussian random variable X with mean m and variance 0 2 is 22 OX (w) = eJmw-o 12 . the characteristic function of Y = ax + b, a = O, where X is a Gaussian random variable. Hint: use the definition of (w), namely, OY (w) = E[eJwY ].

Tom Jones essays

Tom Jones essays Tom Jones, by Henry Fielding is a novel that is identical to a soap opera. This book deals with everything from treachery to lust to deceit. He writes about a man and womans love for one another and that nothing can stand in their way. Class separates them and they will not let that stop them. Acquired a discretion and prudence very uncommon in one of his lively parts. This is a quote from Squire Allworthy to Tom. I believe that Fieldings purpose in writing this novel was purely to entertain. He also added stabs at the class society in medieval England. He wrote this novel to inspire hope in the people of his time. He wanted them to go for their dreams and never to give up hope. But most of all this was for entertainment. Humans like to see lives that are in more turmoil than their own. This is why we have soap operas on television today. He achieves this by using characters that seem to be imaginable. He puts these characters in amazing situations. When the reader believes that they have something pinned he puts in another twist that sends your senses spiraling. A specific instance in the novel is when the reader finds out that Mrs. Waters is actually Jenny Jones who is Toms mother. He sleeps with Mrs. Waters not knowing this. Fielding does not unveil this secret until the end of the novel. The major problem in the book is simple. There is a deceitful man named Blifil. He and Tom are going after the same woman, Sophia Western. Blifil is a kaniving person and besmirches the reputation of Tom. He makes up lies that hurt Toms chances with Sophia. Tom is also a bastard and Sophia's father does not want her to marry a bastard. But he does want her to marry Blifil because he is in line to inherit a large estate. After arguments and many other incidences the truth is revealed. Everyone finds out that Tom is the good one and Blifil is the bad one. Tom also gets the ...

Analysis Of Mobile Communication Communications Essay

Analysis Of Mobile Communication Communications Essay Wireless communication has become a ubiquitous part of modern life, from global cellular telephone systems to local and even personal-area networks. This book provides a tutorial introduction to digital mobile wireless networks, illustrating theoretical underpinnings with a wide range of real-world examples. The book begins with a review of propagation phenomena, and goes on to examine channel allocation, modulation techniques, multiple access schemes, and coding techniques. GSM and IS-95 systems are reviewed and 2.5G and 3G packet-switched systems are discussed in detail. Performance analysis and accessing and scheduling techniques are covered, and the book closes with a chapter on wireless LANs and personal-area networks. Many worked examples and homework exercises are provided and a solutions manual is available for instructors. The book is an ideal text for electrical engineering and computer science students taking courses in wireless communications. It will also be an invaluab le reference for practicing engineers. Wireless communication technology is diffusing around the planet faster than any other communication technology to date. Because communication is at the heart of human activity in all domains, the advent of this technology, allowing multimodal communication from anywhere to anywhere where there is the appropriate infrastructure, is supposed to have profound social effects. Yet, which kind of effects, under which conditions, for whom and for what is an open question. Indeed, we know from the history of technology, including the history of the Internet, that people and organizations end up using the technology for purposes very different of those initially sought or conceived by the designers of the technology. Furthermore, the more a technology is interactive, and the more it is likely that the users become the producers of the technology in its actual practice. Therefore, rather than projecting dreams and fears on the kind of society that will result in the future from the widespread use of wireless communication, we must root ourselves in the observation of the present using the traditional, standard tools of scholarly research. People, institutions, and business have suffered enough from the unwarranted prophecies of futurologists and visionaries that project and promise whatever comes to their minds on the basis of anecdotal observation and ill understood developments. Thus, our aim in this report is to ground an informed discussion of the social uses and social effects of wireless communication technology on what we know currently (2004) in different areas of the world. We would have like to consider exclusively information and analyses produced within the rigorous standards of academic research. This constitutes a good proportion of the material examined here. The rise of mobile communication Mobile communication has diffused into society at a rate that is unprecedented. On a world basis, the number of mobile phone s rose 24% between 2000 and 2005. According to the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), there was about one telephone subscription for every third person in the world (2005).2 At the same time there were about half as many who had access to the intent (ITU 2005). The highest adoption rates are found in Europe where there are approximately 82 subscriptions per 100 persons. In Oceania (Australia, New Zealand, etc.) there are 69, and in the Americas there are 52 subscriptions per 100 persons. Following this Asia had 22 subscriptions per 100 and Africa had 11. While the adoption rate in Europe has levelled off, there is an almost Klondike like atmosphere in many other countries. The growth rates in India and China are far above 50% per year. In addition, growth in sub-Saharan Africa often tops 100% and sometimes even 200% per year.3 Thus, in the last decade; we have seen the widespread adoption of a new form of communication.

Perfume Brands Calvin Klein & Bvlgari Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Perfume Brands Calvin Klein & Bvlgari - Essay Example CKCC was a Unilever brand until few years back but its licensing agreement was then bought from Unilever by Coty Inc. Calvin Klein perfumes were known for its premium brand value and extremely good fragrance of all kinds. Eternity and Obsessions are the two popular perfume varieties of CK. These two are offered for both men and women. Bvlgari is the Italian luxury goods manufacturer. Like CK, Bvlgari too has wide array of luxury perfumes catering to the needs of men and women. Voile de Jasmin, Aqua, Pour Homme, Omnia and Rose Essentielle are the popular Bvlgari fragrances. All these names are well placed in the premium perfume segment. Together, CK and Bvlgari form the biggest names in the luxury fragrance industry. Main body Behind the huge success of the brands are not just the marketing activities alone. A major part of the success can be attributed to the perfumers who are in continual efforts to develop the best formula that gives the heavenly fragrance. There are basically two types of fragrances based on the skin scents. The first kind emits its own fragrance or forms the major portion of the overall smell. The second kind helps to enhance the skins own scent by giving it a better fragrance. Compared to CK, Bvlgari is more specialized in the second kind which is more unique. Another factor that differentiates both the brands is the customers that they target.

Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 37

Reading response - Essay Example However, the family dwells on Orwell’s misfortune and decides to vacation prior his arrival. The situation leaves him unemployed and poor for a month. Orwell borrows a little amount of money like he did back in Paris through pawning his suit. He spends most of his money quickly through renting beds within overpriced hotels as he is not used to living in cheap ones. Soon after, he joins other homeless people in London and wanders between shelters. Even as the shelters are relatively free, most of them do not accommodate the theme for more than a night. The food served is meager and does not satisfy human consumption (Root 48). While Orwell shares between shelters, filth and hunger are constant accompaniments coupled with the considerations of contemptible majorities in the society. The narrative ends with Orwell organizing for the last loan. The employers are set to return in a week’s time and with little efforts of enduring destitution, he bids farewell to his comrades for a long time rest of their

The United States of America Essay Example for Free

The United States of America Essay Write a letter to the documentary maker, Paul Hamann, explaining how effective you thought the film Fourteen Days in May was as an illustration of issues surrounding the use of capital punishment in the United States of America. Dear Mr Hamann, I am writing to you regarding the documentary that you made on Edward Earl Johnson called Fourteen Days in May. I overall found your documentary very informative and useful. However I personally thought that there are some things that you could of changed to make it better. At the beginning I think that the voice over off the radio, which informs us of all the information, is very useful. Edward Earl Johnson was convicted of the 1979 shooting death of Walmet Grove Marshall J. P. Crest. Johnsons attorneys say theyve got a strategy to save the inmate from execution on the 20th May. You get the initiative that you are there in Mississippi going to see the Edward Earl Johnson. Before I watched your documentary I had my own preconceptions about death row and the people who were on it. I thought that it was a place where very evil people were put when they have committed a serious offence, I felt that all the people here deserved to die and that I had nothing against them being executed. When the helicopter is circling over the prison where Johnson is being held I think it would be a better idea to have a view of where the murder takes places. Then the narrator could read the information to the viewers. They would be able to see the place of the murder. Also during this it could show a view of the grave where the Marshall is buried. This would add an extra effect, letting viewers see the crime scene and then the grave. Furthermore when you are still having the view that you are I the car you can see black prisoners digging at the side of the road. I individually think that this is a good idea since we are all quite aware that places such as Mississippi in the South of America are still prosperous Ku Klux Klan areas. The things that I would change are first when you interview Edward Earl Johnson I think it would be better to have him in a cell. At the beginning of the interview you zoom in through the window of the cell into him as he is sat alone. Possibly having him sat in the room where he will be executed would be a very good effect, but this would be unfair on Johnson going to the place where soon he may be killed. He may become even more defensive about the murder, stating even more that he is not guilty because seeing where he may die could frighten him. If you were however allowed to do this and Johnson did not decline this then it would have a very good effect, it would make people understand the seriousness, that he will die here if justice is not done correct. I also would not let the interviewer be seen. You could also have a view of Edward Earl Johnson through the bars of the cell. This would let people see him in prison behind bars as he is, and I also think that it would give a mysterious effect, did he do it or didnt he? If it was necessary to see the interviewer then you could see him while he asks a question but then go back to focusing on Edward Earl Johnson while he answers. This is an effect used often on television shows, and in my opinion looks good for interviewing a person.

Boundaries in Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus, Shelley’s Frankenstein, and Havel’s Temptation :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Boundaries in Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus, Shelley’s Frankenstein, and Havel’s Temptation With every trip around the sun, the human race continues to push forward. Frontiers begin to fade, the horizon becomes less of a mystery and more of a pastime and the greatest challenge seems to be finding areas where advancements can still be made. Since we have become so good at extending boundaries, the question of whether or not an un-crossable boundary even exists becomes especially relevant. Indeed it is easy to think that there may be nothing that humans are incapable of achieving. For centuries, however, literature has been very imaginative while still holding on to the notion that at some point, crossing boundaries results in trouble. It might be said that in works of this type a distinction is made between pushing limitations and overstepping boundaries. In such literary works as Christopher Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, and Vaclav Havel’s Temptation, the main characters push boundaries farther than they have been pushed befo re inevitably causing negative consequences for the characters and the people that surround them. The work entitled Dr. Faustus centers around the character thus named who aims solely to lift every limitation and exceed every boundary he encounters. From the very opening of the play after the chorus in the first scene, Dr. Faustus explains his dissatisfaction with the boundaries he has already met: Is not thy common talk found aphorisms? Are not thy bills hung up as monuments, Whereby whole cities have escaped the plague, And thousand desperate maladies been eased? Yet art thou still but Faustus, and a man. Couldst thou make men to live eternally, Or, being dead, raise them to life again, Then this profession were to be esteemed. (19 – 26) This excerpt reveals that Faustus, although he has had much success and is widely recognized for it, yearns for further discovery, a limitless experience, a power that physically is beyond him. Later in the same scene, he clearly states his solution to this quandary, â€Å"A Sound magician is a mighty god. Here Faustus, try thy brains to gain a deity† (63 – 64). In order to achieve this for even a limited time however, he must exceed natural human boundaries. In his search for a means to do so, he forms a new boundary, namely the loss of control over his soul, in scene 5 through a contract with Lucifer.

Bretton Woods Essay

Bretton Woods Conference The Background During the World War I and World War II the international monetary system is split into several competing currency blocs, the fierce trade war between the global recession and nation. In the post-World War II, at the end of World War II, the U. S. dollar has enjoyed a unique and powerful position in international trade and also because British and American governments for consideration of national interests, ideas and design of post-war international monetary system, proposed separately by the â€Å"White Plan† and â€Å"the Keynes plan. Huai-held plans† and â€Å"Keynes Plan† with is the establishment of international financial institutions, stabilize the exchange rate, the expansion of international trade, and promoting world economic development for the purpose, but the way they operate. Because the United States boarded the supreme world leader of the capitalist world economic crisis and after World War II, the dollar's international status because of its strength of the international gold reserves to get a solid, the two sides reached in April 1944, reflects the White Plan on the establishment of the GB currency experts of the Fund a joint statement. What is â€Å"Bretton woods conference†? The United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, commonly known as the Bretton Woods conference, Bretton woods system or Bretton woods agreements. It was a gathering of 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations at the Mount Washington Hotel, situated in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, to regulate the international monetary and financial order after the conclusion of World War II.The conference was held from 1-22 July 1944, when the agreements were signed to set up the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the world's major industrial states in the mid 20th century and also was the first example of a fully negotiated onetary order intended to govern monetary relations among independent nation-states. As a result of the conference, the Bretton Woods system of exchange rate management was set up, which remained in place until itself collapsed in 1971, when President Richard Nixon severed the link between the dollar and gold. What they agreed: * Formation of the IMF and the IBRD (World Bank) Adjustably secured foreign exchange market rate system: * Exchange rate were fixed, with the provision of changing them if necessary * Currencies were required to be convertible for trade related and other current account transactions * All member countries were required to subscribe to the IMF’s capital * if exchange rate might not be favorable to a country’s balance of payments position, the governments had the power to revise them by up to 10% Who’s involved? Delegation from around the w orldAustralia|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  India|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Belgium|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iran|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bolivia|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iraq|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brazil|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Liberia|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Canada|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Luxembourg|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chile|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mexico|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  China|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netherlands|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Colombia|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New Zealand|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Costa Rica|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nicaragua|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cuba|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Norway|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Czechoslovakia|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Panama|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dominican Republic|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paraguay|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ecuador|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Peru|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Egypt|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Philippines|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  El Salvador|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Poland|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ethiopia|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Union of South Africa|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  France|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Greece|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  United Kingdom|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Guatemala|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  United States|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Haiti|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Uruguay|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Honduras|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Venezuela|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iceland|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yugoslavia| The United States, having the largest delegation, brought a wide spectrum of economists and politicians to the Bretton Woods Conference. China, represented by the Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek, played an active role and was granted the fifth largest quota among the original members of the IMF.Cuba, governed by Ramon Raul San Martin, sent a delegation that represented the interests of small agr icultural economies. Delegates from many Latin American nations were deeply involved in the negotiations. The democratic process at Bretton Woods ensured that concerns of all countries were addressed. Though the delegation from the Soviet Union was active at the Conference and signed the draft Articles, the Soviet government later decided not to join the Fund or the Bank. The cooperation of the U. S. and USSR delegations was a positive moment before the onset of the Cold War. In 1944, the Indian delegation to Bretton Woods included both British citizens as well as Indian nationals, as India was still part of the British Empire.Alexander Argyropulos (at right in photo), a member of the Greek delegation, arrived in New York on June 21. Argyropulos had been a prisoner of war for a year. His arrival in the United States culminated in the reunion with his wife and daughter, who had escaped Greece when Axis forces invaded. Camille Gutt one of the Belgian delegation. Once the Fund was esta blished, Gutt was elected as its first Managing Director, a post he held until 1951. Outcomes: The Conference led to the creation of three organizations in order to lead the world economy in the right direction. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) and the World Bank.The IMF was intended for keeping track of the monetary policy, to balance the exchange rates, reduce restrictions on the foreign exchange rate, and provide loans to invest in the infrastructure of developing countries and countries that had debts. The number of votes a country for the IMF board depends on its contribution factor towards the reserve. The U. S, U. K, Japan, Germany have 40% of the votes. Out of that percentage, the U. S has 17% of the votes, making them the majority power in the IMF. The GATT encouraged â€Å"laissez-faire system†, to make trade without government intervention, to reduce taxes when two countries are trading with each other and make it fair. It is known now as the World Trade Organization.The World Bank main idea and purpose was to help third world countries and reduce poverty, and to corporations who want to aid the developing countries. The World Bank would offer loans to rebuild roads and utilities. These were the organizations that emerged from the Bretton Woods Agreement. Another outcome for the United States was the Dollar being a â€Å"World Reserve Currency† and that all trade and business will be done in American dollars. Even trade between two different nations that do not use the American dollar as their currency; will do business with each other using the dollar. For example the price of oil from Saudi Arabia will not be in Saudi Rials, but in American dollars. Then those dollars would be redeemable through gold from the U.S at a fixed price of 35$ per ounce. All the countries that signed the Bretton Woods Agreement agreed to fix their currency with the same value as the value of gold. The s upply of money a country had went hand in hand with its gold reserves. The countries that were not rich in gold, would have to borrow money in order to finance their investments and development. The system performed trade through stable and adjustable exchange rates. However there was an increase in demand for dollars which lead to an increase in trade deficits, and the value of the dollar remained high. The United states couldn’t fix the exchange rate between itself and other urrencies. It became known as the â€Å"n’th currency problem†. All the countries currencies were at par with the US dollar. The United States worth of gold was $26 billion by 1964. The world’s worth of gold was $33 billion. Many countries held the U. S dollar as their main reserve asset. Because of that, the French President, De Gaulle said the U. S had a privilege of unlimited financing, because of the majority of countries having dollar assets. The U. S was unable to eliminate it s deficits. The ways in which the balance payment deficits could be corrected include deflating the economy by using a monetary policy, which means raising interest rates.Another policy to use is the Fiscal Policy that includes reducing government spending in order to reduce demand. The U. S could have also devalued its currency, which meant foreign currency prices are higher. This would reduce exports from foreign currencies, and more exports from the U. S. The Bretton Woods system was successful until 1971, August 15th. A few measures were taken to avoid the system going to fail. They included imposing an â€Å"interest equalization tax† to reduce the outflow of investments and private capital. However this lead to more loans from foreign borrowers. A lot of the funds went to financial institutions in places lke Europe and Japan. The United States President Nixon said the amount of gold that was sent out of the U.S for the 27 years since the agreement was unsustainable. He announced a 90-day freeze on wages and prices, a 10% import surcharge on imports and suspended converting dollars into gold. The value of gold had increased, yet the price of $35 per ounce remained. Even though many countries still owed money to the U. S and were in debt. References: http://weber. ucsd. edu/~jlbroz/Courses/Lund/handouts/Lecture12%20_Bretton_%20Woods. pdf http://id. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sistem_Bretton_Woods http://www2. econ. iastate. edu/classes/econ355/choi/bre. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gold_standard

It Was A Usual Summer Morning In Story Brook Essay

It was a usual summer morning in story brook; the birds were chirping children were playing on the streets. Henry who was only eleven woke up to the sweet smell of his mother Emma’s homemade waffles. Emma is very generous when it comes to her children especially with Henry because he is the youngest out of three. The eldest is Simon he is 17 tall and behaves, the middle child is Steven. Steven is 15 years old does not behave at all and loves to annoy Henry. Emma told the children that school was starting in a few days and they all yelled with anger so she tried to cheer them up and said we’ll go buy the school supplies and stop for ice-cream on the way back â€Å"And whoever finishes first she said will get a double scooped ice-cream with any toppings so they all rushed to get ready. On there ay back they past by an abandoned home, henry looked up with a smile for winning the double scooped ice-cream asked his mom with curiosity â€Å"what is that place, can we go inà ¢â‚¬  his mother stopped the car with all her force and looked at him and said: â€Å"don’t you ever go in that place don’t even look at it and that goes for you two too† pointing at all three children. School stared and Simon is driving Steve and Henry to school when they passed the abandoned house, Steve dared henry to go in to the house alone on Friday night and when Simon heard there conversation he speeded up the car and stopped at the next paring spot and turned to them while scolding and said: NEVER GO IN THAT HOUSE DON’T EVEN WALK BY THAT HOUSE†. Later that night henry was thinking about the dare. The next morning henry walked to school because Simon and Steve were sick, and on his way to school where he passed the abandoned house and as he was walking past it his stood there for a second and stared at it for a second, he was about to open the front gate where he was grabbed by the shoulder by an odd old lady with light blue eyes thick grey hair tied up in a bun and knitting glasses and her name was Mrs. Potter. She scolded at him and said: â€Å"why young henry don’t you know better than to go in to this house and especially today?† henry looked at her with a puzzled face and he said, â€Å" Why what’s today?† That night Henry ignored Mrs. Potter and gathered some of  his friends and planned to go in that house the next day. The next night was a Saturday, when Henry and all of his friends woke up they went over the plan again, that night they all rode on their bikes and when to that house as they parked right out of that house Jack, Henry’s best friend heard laughter and screaming so he ran behind the tallest one Zack.. As the kids opened the house door they herd a glass fall but no one could see anything because there was no lights. Jack remembered he had a flash light, when he turned it on the first thing the kids saw was a skeleton they all screamed and ran up the stairs wear they heard someone yell â€Å"die die die †. As the kids turned around they found something standing behind them and when he turned on the lights they saw that it was a man. When they apologized and explained and the man kindly called their parents to pick them up. When henry’s mom came to pick him up she told henry that, that man was his father and the reason she didn’t want him to go is that she didn’t want him to know. Henry asked what are the skeletons and he answered, â€Å" I am science teacher† and the screaming â€Å"that’s my five year old son†, then why did Mrs. Potter say â€Å"especially not tonight† she replied, â€Å"It is her birthday† Henry found out that he had a dad and a new baby brother and henry learnt that he would never dis-obey his mother again.

Compare and Contrast Essay Sample on Adaptations of the Original Book

Compare and Contrast Essay Sample on Adaptations of the Original Book Basics of Compare and Contrast Essay Paper One of the most common types of essays that students meet during the learning process is comparison and contrast essay. Like any other types of essay, compare and contrast essay has some rules and instructions for writing. By following these instructions, anyone can write a quality essay without much difficulty. So, the main features of this type of essay are: Clarity and structure; The presence of two objects of comparison within the same category; Clearing of similar and opposite features of compared objects; Logical narration; A detached judgment of an anonymous author about the objects of comparison. To write the correct comparison and contrast essay, one must organize the workflow and follow this algorithm: Determine the nature of the essay: comparison, contrasts, or both. Set a goal to help write a logical compare and contrast essay example. Select comparison objects on which the essay will be based. For the essay to be logically justified, it is necessary to choose objects from one category, time segment or sphere of functioning. Write a clear thesis that will determine the nature of the future essay. Compose an outline of a future compare and contrast essay sample. This stage will help to structure the essay, as well as highlight the basic thoughts and ideas that need to be revealed in the essay. To use words and phrases typical for this type of essay, such as: on the contrary, on the other hand, however, otherwise, whereas, still, as well as, both, like, in common with, likewise, also, and yet. Follow the rules of the correlation of form and content when writing an essay, for competent disclosure of the topic of work. The Sample of Compare and Contrast Essay ‘Solaris’ Since the beginning of the era of literary adaptation critics and readers all over the world argue whether screen version of popular books may become an alternative to reading. These claims especially concern books that were made into a film several times and, as a result, the variety of interpretations has appeared. One example is Stanislaw Lem’s novel â€Å"Solaris† written in 1961, which has two most famous adaptations by Andrei Tarkovsky, and by Steven Soderbergh. The comparison of these adaptations illustrates how different directors understand the author’s main idea presented in the novel, and how the difference between the ways of adaptation affects the viewers’ perception of â€Å"Solaris† in both cases. The first thing that catches the eye when comparing the film version and the original book is accordance between the content of the film and the book on which the film was shot. In the case of Solaris, one can note the predominance of free interpretation of Lem’s idea both in the film adaptation by Andrei Tarkovsky and by Steven Soderbergh. Thus, in the film adaptation by Andrei Tarkovsky, the primary emphasis was placed on the moral aspect of the novel, which, in turn, almost negated the sci-fi character of Stanislaw Lem’s novel. Lem himself was extremely surprised by Tarkovsky’s interpretation and recognized it instead not as a screen version of his book, but as an original independent work. At the same time, the other novel details, such as a plotline, and the names of characters, remained almost unchanged in the film adaptation by Tarkovsky. The director used in his script virtually authentic replicas from Lem’s â€Å"Solaris,† which allowed him to create a film version that was as close as possible to the original in content. On the other hand, despite the apparent predominance of sci-fi themes in the film adaptation of Steven Soderbergh, the director made some deviations from the original, which, in turn, led to the change in the general nature of his work. For example, Soderbergh changed some character names like Rheyas instead of Harey, as well as created additional turns of the plot that were not in Le Solars Solaris as killing Snaut with his double, Rheyas pregnancy, Kelvin and Rheyas return to Earth. Thus, the film adaptation of Soderbergh is significantly different from Lem’s original intention but retains the plotline presented in the novel. The second peculiarity that should be made clear when comparing a literary work and its film adaptation is the embodiment of the original message of the author to the reader. Therefore, the critics have to decide whether the director succeeded in transmitting it without modification. It can be said that both Tarkovsky’s and Soderbergh’s film versions just partially correspond to the message laid by Lem in his novel. Thus, one of the main Lem’ ideas described in Solaris is the idea of establishing contact with another mind to which a person aspires, but often mistakenly searches for it not in another person, but the extraterrestrial civilizations. In the film adaptation by Tarkovsky, this idea stands like a leitmotif, embedded in the mouth of Academician Snaut: Man needs a man. At the same time, Tarkovsky deepens the subject of a person’s moral and ethical choice, raising the question of the human conscience. This motive presents Lem’s novel too. How ever, the author gives it much less attention than Tarkovsky. On the other hand, in Steven Soderberghs film adaptation, the idea of contact is represented rather weakly, giving way to the problem of human relations and mutual forgiveness. The plot of the film develops mainly on Earth, the main characters reflect on their past and try to find answers to questions that remained unresolved earlier. Moreover, the interpretation of Soderbergh significantly deviates from the original Lem’s intention. It can be assumed that the director focused his attention precisely on the aspect of human relations and transferred the action to Earth to evoke sympathy from the viewer and to make Lems story closer to a wide audience. Thus, the film adaptations made by Andrei Tarkovsky and Steven Soderbergh differ significantly from each other, despite the general plot underlying their adaptations. While Tarkovsky seeks to preserve the general mood of Lem’s novel and to focus the viewers attention on the moral and ethical problems of the story, Soderbergh creates a film that is most adapted to the modern viewer, exposing the central issues of human relationships. It can be said that both of the screen versions are not an exact retelling of Stanislaw Lem’s Solaris, but rather the independent works based on the existing plot. A comparison of the book and the two existing screen versions shows the significant role played by the directors’ personalities, their understanding of the original Lem’s idea, and the final purpose of their screen version of Stanislaw Lem’s novel â€Å"Solaris.† Post-writing Tips The above compare and contrast essay example can be used to familiarize oneself with the practical application of the norms and rules for writing a comparison and contrasting essay. This Ã' ompare and contrast essay sample includes both a comparison and an opposition, which often happens in this type of essay. The example shows the main elements of the form and content typical for this type of essay. First, it should be noted that the above-presented essay has a clear structure, due to the main purpose of the essay. The essay begins with an introduction, which is 15% of the total length of the work. The introduction tells the readers what the essay will be about, giving a general assessment of the problem revealed in the essay. The thesis, placed at the end of the introduction, reflects the key idea of the entire essay and is the link between the introduction and the main part of the work. The thesis is one of the most important parts of the work; therefore, when writing one, it is necessary to formulate a thought or problem that needs to be revealed in an essay. In the process of writing the introduction, one should avoid appeals, rhetorical questions or introducing quotations, since this part of the work, just like the conclusions, must be generalized. Second, the main part of the essay covers the topic indicated in the thesis and is subordinated to a certain structure. Thus, the comparison and opposition of objects are conventionally divided into two stages. The latter, in turn, consists of two paragraphs each. Such structuring of the work allows building a logical narration, as well as consistently providing examples and revealing the theme of the essay. Nevertheless, there are different schemes for constructing the main part of the essay, which the writer can choose depending on the offline essay and its main theme. The central condition is the logical presentation of the material and the structure of the type of the essay. The essay ends with conclusions that summarize the main points disclosed in the essay and confirm that the topic outlined in the thesis was disclosed during the writing of the work. The conclusions do not contain any new information but are summing up and combining the main ideas presented in the essay. Since in the above example the basic norms and rules regarding the structure and content of the comparison and comparison essay are observed, I hope that this work will be useful to students and writers when working on this type of essay, as well as help to understand the issues that may arise in the process of work.

Mastering Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mastering Management - Essay Example tem to machine design as well as production, managing the shift from functional communication lines and responsibility to a plant-level dimension and handling unsatisfied employees at the plant based on their new task assignments and hence mitigate the chances of worker unionization. The selection of a plant manager can be challenging, especially in a situation facing Heritage Appliance Company’s River Woods plant. Consequently, the selection committee must take into consideration certain desirable aspect in order to find the right person for the crucial management position. As the selection committee, the suitable candidate must have expert, referent and reward power, which will successfully interplay with legitimate power accorded by the virtue of being the plant manager to steer the project to success. The candidate must generally have good interpersonal skills, critical problem-solving skills and be proactive. An internal candidate would be more desirable for the position because he/she is already familiar with the culture of the organization and what it intends to achieve. Besides, He already knows the strengths and weaknesses of the staff and can easily help them upgrade to match the new tasks facing

Public Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Public Relations - Essay Example After getting all the information I required, I appreciated them for the time they spared to talk to me and left. Evaluation of public relations programs is instrumental in determining the effectiveness of the programs that an organisation has set. Stated objectives will enable the public relations officers and workers of an organisation to know how they will communicate the desired message to the public effectively. The stated objectives set the standards that will guide people in an organisation on how to relate to the public and customers of the organisation. The standards are instrumental since people will ensure that they live up to the rules of dealing with the public. Therefore, objectives will determine the proper communication strategies that people in an organisation will follow to reach to the public (Thinkspot). Coca cola has an awareness operation on Facebook, which has the goal of increasing its customer base in the world. It aims at reaching out on people on Facebook, and informs them of the products that the company provides on the Coca Cola Facebook page. I would use surveys to asses my goals and to determine whether my public relations campaign is effective. Surveys will include asking the public whether the awareness program is working. This would be the most effective since it will give me immediate feedback from the targeted audience of my

Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy Theory Essay

Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy Theory - Essay Example The fundamental premise of the theory is based on the fact that almost all emotions and behaviors are caused by what people believe about the situations they face. The theory posits a bio-psychosocial explanation of how individuals come to feel and behave. This stems from the belief of Ellis that both biological factors and social factors are involved in the experiencing and action processes. This idea is important, for it proposes that there are limits to the extent that a person can change (Ellis A. , 2003). Ellis argues in his theory that all humans have the ability to interpret reality in a clear, logical and objective manner and avoid unwanted emotional behavioural disturbances. Furthermore, he argues that in addition to these abilities, humans are also predisposed to irrational interpretations (Collard & OKelly, 2011). They are predisposed to twisted or illogical thinking, draw illogical conclusions that are impartial and are cognitive distortions of reality (Levinson, 2010). Ellis identified four standard characteristics that represent an irrational interpretation of reality. These four standard characteristics are demands of something that is not of the real world, other people or the individual; amplification of the awfulness of something an individual dislikes (Macinnes, 2004); conclusion that one cannot tolerate the thing they dislike and finally condemnation of the world, other people or the individual (Dryden, 2003). The characteristics identified above are expressed in speci fic irrational ideas and beliefs (Macinnes, 2004). Ellis suggested that the targets for change in psychotherapy are those thoughts, attitudes beliefs and meanings that cause emotional-behavioural disturbances and then goes ahead to present the rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) (Windy & Neenan, 2004).   REBT teaches individuals how to identify their own self defeating ideas, thoughts, beliefs and actions and replace

The United States and China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The United States and China - Essay Example This essay stresses that what is even more worrying is the fact that China imports almost all its raw materials, ranging from oil, alumina, cotton wool, and other materials needed for production. China is less fortunate when it comes to availability of the natural resource. Even worse is that the country’s tremendous population has to rely on the very little they can. That is why China has to rely on exports. China’s cultivated land is only 8 percent. Yet its economy is 22 percent of the entire world. This shows how much strain the country has to deal with. This paper makes a conclusion that the U.S., on the other hand, does not have to heavily rely on imports. This is because the country can produce much more than it needs for sustainability. It even has surplus produce for export. This is what helps to set it apart. In addition, the development that is going on in China is depleting the resources. The forest cover is diminishing, in fact, it is one of the worst covered in the whole world. This has only seen an increase in pollution, and it is adding to the global warming being experienced the world over. With the advancement of the Chinese, India, and other Asian countries, it is clear that Asia as a whole is on the rise in economic standing. Which a huge labor force, technological growth and an increase in exports, economic growth in Asia is steadily on the rise. America will continue to maintain its state because it is well advanced and well developed.

Convulsive Satus Epilepticus with Neurocutaneous Syndrome

Convulsive Satus Epilepticus with Neurocutaneous Syndrome Title: Management of case of convulsive status epilepticus with neurocutaneous syndrome Introduction Status epilepticus is life-threatening neurological disorder defined as 5minutes or more of continuous seizure without complete recovery of consciousness between seizures. It has two foms; Generalized convulsive SE Non-convulsive SE. Convulsive SE is more common in children. Commonly caused by fever, genetic predisposition, metabolic and electrolyte disturbance or head trauma, CNS infection. Neurofibromatosis is a common autosomal dominant genetic disorder. Classified into two types: (NF1) which is more common in children and (NF2) which manifest later in adulthood. It is neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by diagnostic skin lesion called cafà © au lait patches and neural manifestations which may not be obvious and only presented when complicated by seizures which is considered an emergency case and need immediate management. Methods We searched several internet databases as Pubmed, Cochrane, Medscape, Science Direct Trip databases , and the Journal of American Academy of Neurology. Meta analysis, clinical trials, systematic reviews and randomized control trials and other observational studies concerning Status epilepticus, its investigations and different anti-epileptic drugs. In addition neurofibromatosis and Tuberous sclerosis were reviewed,as well Aim to know how to diagnose, treat follow up this case to prevent further remission or complications Result We came across 280 research and case report describing status epilepticus and its management. Status epilepticus is an emergency situation that needs rapid management,but if refractory and continues more than 60-90 minutes after initiation of therapy mortalities increase. Status epilepticus associated with cafe au lait patches is characterstic to neurocutaneous syndrome most probably neurofibromatosis type1. Status epilepticus may be complicated by Acidosis, Respiratory distress, Fever which is mediated by extreme muscle activity rather than infection, initial release of catecholamines into circulation causing increase in blood pressure and heart rate causing cardiac arrhythmia, Catecholamine excess causing hyperglycemia[1]. Saving life by maintaining ABC, Introducing vascular access and giving lorazepam are the first line in management, If there is no response within 10 minutes give another dose of lorazepam, If there is no response within 10 minutes give phenytoin, If convulsions p ersist more than 20 minutes use general anesthesia and put the patient on mechanical ventilation. Buccal midazolam is as effective as rectal diazepam but we can use rectaldiazepamif preferred or if buccal midazolam is not available. No evidence supporting dexamethazone in status epilepticus treatment [2]. No evidence supporting the use of antibiotics in case of seizures caused by Nf1, the only indication to use antibiotics if meningitis is the cause of seizures[3]. Asking for history of anticonvulsant and drug levels assesment is important as there is significant variation in effect and response to anti-epileptic drugs as seizures may develop even with taking themas; in case of low dose of anti-epileptic drug, non-compliance to antiepileptic drugs. Adding new antiepileptic drugs to old ones to decrease seizures is required in some cases[4]. No enough evidence supporting blood transfusion in status epilepticus treatment. No evidence supporting direct effect of status epilepticus on p latelet count except in rare condition of lorazepam toxicity that leads to abnormally decreased platelet count. Mitochondrial encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-Like Episode presents in pediatric age group so pyruvate and lactate assessment is important to detect the cause and severity of status epilepticus[5]. Blood sugar Assessment is important as duration extent of glucose dysregulation could be predictor of pathological outcome of status epilepticus as seizures can be exacerbated in cases of hyper or hypoglycemia and become resistant to antiepileptics when blood glucose is not controlled[6]. Electrolyte assessment including (Na, ca and cl) is important as seizures result from loss of balance between intracellular and extracellular chloride concentration causing hyper-excitability and Neuronal death result from large increase in intracellular calcium[7]. Genetic testing involving exome sequencing may help in reaching accurate diagnosis and may reveal novel autosomal rece ssive genes associated with idiopathic epilepsy. No enough evidence supporting abdominal sonar[8]. Brain Imaging can detect the etiology of status epilepticus espicially MRI, It helps to identify and localize epileptic foci[9]. CSF analysis is important in detecting cause of status epilepticus as it may diagnose autoimmune disorder when there is high titre of CSF GABAA receptor antibodies or showing in vivo biomarkers for neuronal damage after epileptic seizure10]. Conclusion This child is suffering from Status epilepticus which is most probably caused by neurofibromatosis type1. For investigation, I recommend immediate assessment of blood sugar level, electrolytes disturbance, purvate and lactate levels and antiepileptic drug level (in case of history of intake). Later on after stabilization of condition, I recommend brain imaging, cerebral fluid analysis and genetic testing. He is prone to be complicated by acidosis, respiratory distress, fever, increase in blood pressure and heart rate,arrhythmia and hyperglycemia. Status epilepticus with NF1 is very serious due to its high mortality rate. Modulating the dose and the type of antiepileptics is a must according to the drug level and history of intake. Lorazepam intravenous is better than rectal diazepam in this situation. There is no evidence recommend dexamethasone, antibiotics, blood or platelets transfusion. reference Pollard H, Cantagrel S, Charriaut-Marlangue C, Moreau J, Ben Ari Y. Apoptosis associ ated DNA fragmentation in epileptic brain damage. Neuroreport 1994;5: 1053-5. [1] Treiman DM, Meyers PD, Walton NY, Collins JF, Colling C, Rowan AJ, et al. A comparison of four treatments for generalized convulsive status epilepticus. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:792. [2] JN Friedman; Canadian Paediatric Society, Acute Care Committee. Emergency management of the paediatric patient with generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Paediatr Child Health [Internet]. 2011;16(2):91-7 [3] Berg AT, Levy SR, Testa FM, D’Souza R. Remission of epilepsy after two drug failures in children: a prospective study. Ann Neurol [Internet]. 2009 May [cited 2014 Apr 20];65(5):510–9. Available from: http://www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov/articlerender. fcgi?artid=2818062tool=pmcentrezrendertype=abstract Reference 7 Besli GE, Saltik S, Erguven M, Bulut O, Abul MH. Status epilepticus in children: causes, clinical features and short-term outcome. Pediatr Int [Internet]. 2010 Oct [cited 2014 Apr 20];52(5):749–53. Available from: http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/20487369[4] Calabrese VP, Gruemer HD, James K, Hranowsky N, DeLorenzo RJ. Cerebrospinal fluid lactate levels and prognosis in status epilepticus. Pubmed 1991 Nov-Dec;32(6):816-21. [5] Riviello JJ, Ashwal S, Hirtz D, Glauser T, Ballaban-Gil K, Kelley K, et al. Practice parameter: diagnostic assessment of the child with status epilepticus (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Neurology [Internet]. 2006 Nov 14 [cited 2014 Apr 17];67(9):1542–50. ? [6] Li X, Zhou J, Chen Z, Chen S, Zhu F, Zhou L. Long-term expressional changes of Na+ -K+ -Cl- co-transporter 1 (NKCC1) and K+ -Cl- co-transporter 2 (KCC2) in CA1 region of hippocampus following lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (PISE). Brain Res. 2008 Jul 24;1221:141–6. /pubmed/18550034 [7] Ostendorf AP, Gutmann DH, Weisenberg JLZ. Epilepsy in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1. Epilepsia [In ternet]. 2013 Oct [cited 2014 Apr 20];54(10):1810–4. [8] Cendes F. Neuroimaging in investigation of patients with epilepsy. Continuum (MinneapMinn) [Internet]. 2013 Jun [cited 2014 Apr 21];19(3 Epilepsy):623–42. [9] Gurnett CA, Landt M, Wong M. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid glial fibrillary acidic protein after seizures in children. Epilepsia [Internet]. 2003 Nov [cited 2014 Apr 18];44(11):1455–8. [10]

Professional Sports - NBA Should Enforce a Hard Salary Cap Essay exampl

The NBA Should Enforce a Hard Salary Cap      Ã‚   How many of you sports fans out there are sick of paying twenty-five dollars for a lousy seat at an NBA game? How many of you are sick of seeing the same teams in the finals every year? I'm sure there are thousands of you out there that feel this way, as do I. The way we can fix these problems is to demand that the NBA enforce a hard salary cap. A hard salary cap would lower ticket prices, allow for more teams to be more competitive and eliminate the possibility of any future lockouts. If the three things listed above aren't met, it's hard to say if the NBA will survive at all. I want to see the NBA survive, but not in the way things are being run now. A hard salary cap is the only way the fans and the players can coexist.    A hard salary cap will lower ticket prices. I, among many of friends am a die-hard NBA fan, but we can only afford to attend one or two games a year. The average ticket price in the NBA is twenty-five dollars and that doesn't include a pair of binoculars, which you'll need if you're sitting in a twenty-five-dollar seat. That can give you an idea of how much a court side seat might cost you. Some people wonder why tickets are so much. Maybe Mike Kahn, who is the CBS Sportsline Executive Editor, can tell us why ticket prices are so high. In one of his articles he notes. Players' salaries are escalating faster than revenue and it would be foolish not to throw a lid on it. Tickets are already out of sight for a middle class family. ( 2 ) That means to me that players are demanding more and more money and ticket prices have to go up to compensate for higher salaries. I n the Tampa Tribune, Bill Fay, a sports writer for the paper noted. Most of the teams h... ...salary cap will provide an answer for some of the most serious problems facing the NBA. It will lower ticket prices, allow more teams to be more competitive and eliminate the any future lockouts. If these problems can be fixed by enforcing a hard salary cap, I don't see why it shouldn't be done. The NBA should enforce a hard salary cap.    Works Cited Fay, Bill " Owners Need To Be Restrained", Tampa Tribune 5 July 1998, 1-2 Kahn, Mike," Latest News Could Stall Negotiations", October, 1998, n. pag. Online. World Wide Web <wysiwyg://71/http://cbs.sportsline.../page/cyberspy/oct98/spy101998.htm> Nov. 14, 98 Anonymous." Labor Issues", The Salt Lake Tribune 30 June 1998,1 MacMullan, Jackie," Lockout Limbo", July 1998, n. pag. Online. World Wide Web <http:www.cnnsi.com/features/1998/weekly/980720/nbalock_intro.html> Nov. 14,1998 Professional Sports - NBA Should Enforce a Hard Salary Cap Essay exampl The NBA Should Enforce a Hard Salary Cap      Ã‚   How many of you sports fans out there are sick of paying twenty-five dollars for a lousy seat at an NBA game? How many of you are sick of seeing the same teams in the finals every year? I'm sure there are thousands of you out there that feel this way, as do I. The way we can fix these problems is to demand that the NBA enforce a hard salary cap. A hard salary cap would lower ticket prices, allow for more teams to be more competitive and eliminate the possibility of any future lockouts. If the three things listed above aren't met, it's hard to say if the NBA will survive at all. I want to see the NBA survive, but not in the way things are being run now. A hard salary cap is the only way the fans and the players can coexist.    A hard salary cap will lower ticket prices. I, among many of friends am a die-hard NBA fan, but we can only afford to attend one or two games a year. The average ticket price in the NBA is twenty-five dollars and that doesn't include a pair of binoculars, which you'll need if you're sitting in a twenty-five-dollar seat. That can give you an idea of how much a court side seat might cost you. Some people wonder why tickets are so much. Maybe Mike Kahn, who is the CBS Sportsline Executive Editor, can tell us why ticket prices are so high. In one of his articles he notes. Players' salaries are escalating faster than revenue and it would be foolish not to throw a lid on it. Tickets are already out of sight for a middle class family. ( 2 ) That means to me that players are demanding more and more money and ticket prices have to go up to compensate for higher salaries. I n the Tampa Tribune, Bill Fay, a sports writer for the paper noted. Most of the teams h... ...salary cap will provide an answer for some of the most serious problems facing the NBA. It will lower ticket prices, allow more teams to be more competitive and eliminate the any future lockouts. If these problems can be fixed by enforcing a hard salary cap, I don't see why it shouldn't be done. The NBA should enforce a hard salary cap.    Works Cited Fay, Bill " Owners Need To Be Restrained", Tampa Tribune 5 July 1998, 1-2 Kahn, Mike," Latest News Could Stall Negotiations", October, 1998, n. pag. Online. World Wide Web <wysiwyg://71/http://cbs.sportsline.../page/cyberspy/oct98/spy101998.htm> Nov. 14, 98 Anonymous." Labor Issues", The Salt Lake Tribune 30 June 1998,1 MacMullan, Jackie," Lockout Limbo", July 1998, n. pag. Online. World Wide Web <http:www.cnnsi.com/features/1998/weekly/980720/nbalock_intro.html> Nov. 14,1998

A drama in play format Essay

Gerald is not a member of the Birling family but he is still caught in their ‘web of sin’. He found Eva in a bar where he was hoping to pick up a mistress; he found her in the clutches of Alderman Megarty. Alderman was harassing Eva. When Gerald, like her knight in shining armour, made Alderman go away, they started to talk and became friends and eventually lovers. This all happened during the time that Sheila and Gerald were lovers. This is the largest part of the immoral act committed by Gerald, which was in fact not against Eva but against Shelia. Eventually he decided that their relationship had to end so he gave her some money and they went their separate ways. It is my belief that for a time Gerald and Eva were in love, as when it sinks in that she is dead he says, page 35: ‘Sorry – I – well, I’ve suddenly realised – taken it in properly – that she’s dead. ‘ Gerald was the only member of the group to show some love and compassion to Eva. Later, Gerald appears to be indifferent to the death of Eva especially after the inspector has left and he believes it was all a hoax. Indifference is also shown to the fact that he sinned. Mrs Birling denied Eva benefits from a charity of which she was the chairman. This was for several reasons, but the main one was the fact that Eva fabricated a name when it was her turn to be interviewed by the charity’s committee. Her name of choice was Mrs Birling, this was because it was Eric who had made her pregnant, and the real Mrs Birling obviously did not know this fact, and seemed to think that Eva was personally insulting her. Eva therefore received no benefits. This was a highly immoral act, as the members of the committee are not meant to be prejudiced towards any appeal. Mrs Birling thought that what she did was acceptable because Eva had lied. However, it was in fact not a lie as it was Eric’s child, also a Mr Birling, and he did propose to marry her but she had refused, as she knew it would not work. Eric was in a bar one night and he got talking to Eva, he also got drunk. He then walked Eva home and forced himself upon her, page 52: ‘Well, I was in that state when a chap easily turns nasty’. After she told him she was pregnant he began to steal money from his father’s business to help her. This was the only unintentional act of cruelty to happen to Eva, as all the others were purposeful acts of cruelty. He was not cruel to her but still he brought her suffering. He was another member of the group actually affected by the events. As he seems to have been changed for the better by the death of Eva. The Inspector’s name is Goole. Pronounced the same as the ghost, or ghoul. This makes me think that he is a ghost or a spectre of some kind, sent to the Birling family to show them the errors of their ways. A lot like the ghosts of Christmas Past, Present and Future from Charles Dickens’ ‘A Christmas Carol’. He appears to know about Eva’s death before it has even happened: perhaps he has some kind of sixth sense. He says towards the end of the third act, page 54: ‘And my trouble is – that I haven’t much time. ‘ Is this because he knows the real police will soon call the house to ask their questions? We know in retrospect that at this point there is no dead body at the mortuary, because Gerald Croft rings the mortuary to ascertain this soon after Goole has left. I do not believe that Inspector Goole is a real police inspector. His mannerisms are unlike those of a real police officer, although he does refuse a drink at the beginning, page 11: ‘No thank you, Mr Birling. I’m on duty. ‘ I think he says this because he is acting the role of a policeman. He becomes too emotionally involved in the situation; a real policeman would keep the questioning on an official level. For example, he says to Mr Birling, page 46: ‘Don’t stammer and yammer at me again, man. I’m losing all patience with you people. ‘ This story is told as a drama in play format. The end of each of the three acts, including the final one, is completed with a moment of suspense. The audience is left anticipating the next act, wondering what will happen. The audience also become emotionally attached to the characters and want to know whether Sheila and Gerald will remain engaged, they want to know what the Birlings will do with Eric, and will there be a public scandal? They are drawn in to the rights and wrongs of the characters’ actions, and they pass judgement upon Gerald and Eric’s behaviour, Mrs Birling’s snobbery, Mr Birling’s self righteousness. The audience listens to the moral of the story, that we are individuals in a society, who should look after each other, and not be merely out for what we can get. The final few words of the play are unexpected. We have had the feeling that the Inspector is not all he seems, but now that the real police (presumably) have telephoned, things become clearer. I wanted to see a continuation of the play, with real events, real police, and see how much the characters changed when faced with the information again. No doubt Sheila and Eric would approach the situation differently, they seem to have learned a lesson from events. On page 70, Sheila says: ‘ Everything we said had happened really had happened. If it didn’t end tragically, then that’s lucky for us. But it might have done. ‘ and on page 71: ‘You’re pretending everything’s just as it was before’. She and Eric have moved on from their original viewpoints, and this gives us hope for the future, it is to be hoped that they would not behave so badly again in their future relationships with people. Unfortunately, we are unable to know the real ending.

How to Connect a Database and Add/Update/Delete/Record

How to Connect to a Database and Add/Update/Delete Record In this tutorial I will explain to you on how to connect to an Access database and allow you to Add/Update/Delete  a record. To fully understand these tutorials please  download  the source code  How to Add/Update/Delete Record using MS Access Database. This source code is part of the  Hotel Reservation System  that I am currently working. At the end of this tutorial you will learn the basic of database programming. I would like, however, to emphasize especially for beginners that one way to learn programming is to know how to debug a program and devote some of your time to reading.Don't be frightened on how short or long an article should be. The important is at the end of the tutorial you will learn something NEW! If you already know the topic, then don’t bother to study this again. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Let’s get started 3. Database Connection 4. Add and Update a Record 5. Delete a R ecord 6. Final Thoughts Introduction Before I started learning VB. NET one of the topic that I search for in the internet is on how to connect to the database and make some changes to the table. Although there’s a lot of results, but I cannot find one that suit to my needs.Most of the tutorial is using drag and drop features of vb. net editor. Well, this is okay in most cases but what if you’d like to manipulate the data by code? So, I created this tutorial so that beginner programmer will learn from this. Let’s get started It is very important that you use your common sense to understand the logic of database programming. There’s a lot of features built-in to Visual Basic Editor that most programmer especially beginner who overlook it. One of the favorite tools I usually used is the  DEBUGGER. If you only knew how important a debugger is, then you do not even need to study this tutorial.Why? Because you can jump right away to the source code and start firing the F8 command from your keyboard and analyze every line as you step through the code. Anyway beginner is a beginner. You need to start from scratch. If you have already downloaded the source code, then open it in the visual basic . net editor by double clicking the â€Å"HowtoAddUpdateDeleteRecord. sln†. If you want to know what is the object that runs the first time you start the program (by pressing F5) then double click the â€Å"My Project† at the Solution Explorer. Look at the Startup Form.You will see that the value is â€Å"frmCustomersList†. Now, click this object in the Solution Explorer and click the View Code at the toolbar. Look for the Load event similar below: Private  Sub  frmCustomersList_Load(ByVal  sender  As  System. Object,  ByVal  e  As  System. EventArgs)Handles  MyBase. Load   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   sSql =  Ã¢â‚¬Å"SELECT CustomerID, CompanyName, ContactName, ContactTitle, Address FROM Customers ORDER BY Cu stomerID ASC†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Call  FillList() FillListView(lvList, GetData(sSql)) End  Sub frmCustomersList_Load is the second procedure that runs when you hit the F5 Key from your keyboard.If you’d like to know how this code is executed then press F8. Believe it or not F8 is the answer to all your programming question. And I really mean it. When I started programming all I do is to search for free source code and start using the debugging tool. That’s why Visual Basic is being named as Rapid Application Development or RAD. If you follow the debugger the first line it executes is the  Private  Sub  frmCustomersList_Resize(ByVal  senderAs  Object,  ByVal  e  As  System. EventArgs)  then followed by  frmCustomersList_Load  which is actually the important procedure to note here.Another important debugging tool is â€Å"Toggle Breakpoint†. You will be prompted to your code if one of the line is marked by toggle brea k point. This can be done by pressing the F9 key or clicking the Debug menu then Toggle Breakpoint. This tool is important if the form is already loaded and you want to tract the execution of a code say within a command button. For example. Open the form  frmCustomersList  and double click the add button and move the up arrow key once and press F9. You willl have a picture as shown below: [inline:Toggle Breakpoint. jpg]Now, when you run the program and click the Add button you will be directed to the code editor window. This case you will see what is happening when you are executing the program. Isn’t it nice? Database Connection In order to connect to the database you need a connection string like this: Public  Const  cnString  As  String  =  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Provider=Microsoft. Jet. OLEDB. 4. 0;Persist Security Info=False;Data Source=.. /data/sample. mdb† Then open it by using this command: Dim  cnHotel  As  OleDbConnection cnHotel =  New  OleDbConnect ion With  cnHotel If  . State = ConnectionState.Open  Then  . Close() .ConnectionString = cnString .Open() End  With You need this whether you use  OleDbDataReader, ExecuteNonQuery or OleDbCommandBuilder  to read or write into the database table. To know more about this class just click this command and press F1 key to open the help files. Be sure you installed the MSDN. Since you have already open the connection to your database this is now the time to fill the ListView with data. This can be done by calling a function like: FillListView(lvList, GetData(sSql)) The line of code will then execute a function: Fill ListView control with data Public  Sub  FillListView(ByRef  lvList  As  ListView,  ByRef  myData  As  OleDbDataReader)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim  itmListItem  As  ListViewItem Dim  strValue  As  String Do  While  myData. Read itmListItem =  New  ListViewItem() strValue = IIf(myData. IsDBNull(0),  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†, myData. GetValue(0))   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   itmListItem. Text = strValue For  shtCntr = 1  To  myData. FieldCount() – 1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If  myData. IsDBNull(shtCntr)  Then   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   itmListItem. SubItems. Add(â€Å"†)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Else itmListItem. SubItems. Add(myData. GetString(shtCntr))   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  End  IfNext  shtCntr lvList. Items. Add(itmListItem) Loop End  Sub Again in order to see how this code is being executed just run the program using the debugging tool (either F8 or F9). The rest of the procedure is executed only when they are called. For example, the code below is executed only when you click the Add button. Private  Sub  btnAdd_Click(ByVal  sender  As  System. Object,  ByVal  e  As  S ystem. EventArgs)  HandlesbtnAdd. Click   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim  CustomerID  As  String frmCustomers. State = gModule. FormState. adStateAddMode   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For  Each  sItem  As  ListViewItem  In  lvList.SelectedItems   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CustomerID = sItem. Text Next frmCustomers. CustomerID = CustomerID frmCustomers. ShowDialog() Call  FillList() End  Sub This code will open the form  frmCustomers  in add mode and will execute also its own Load Event. If you want to open the form  frmCustomers  in edit mode, then just double click the item in a ListView. The code being executed are: Private  Sub  lvList_DoubleClick(ByVal  sender  As  Object,  ByVal  e  As  System. EventArgs)  HandleslvList. DoubleClick   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim  CustomerID  As  String For  Each  sItem  As  ListViewItem  In  lvList.SelectedItems   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   CustomerID = sItem. Text Next With  frmCustomers .State = gModule. FormState. adStateEditMode   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . CustomerID = CustomerID .ShowDialog() Call  FillList() End  With frmCustomers =  Nothing End  Sub The two procedure seems carry the same concept, by opening a form, except they vary on the button invoke for execution. The line frmCustomers. State = gModule. FormState. adStateAddMode will tell the target form to open the connection to the database in add mode and frmCustomers. State = gModule. FormState. adStateEditMode ill open the database in edit mode. Add and Update a Record Now, how to save the data in textboxes within the form? This can be done by calling a procedure calledbtnSave_Click. This procedure is fired when the Save button is clicked. Private  Sub  btnSave_Click(ByVal  sender  As  System. Object,  ByVal  e  As  System. EventArgs)  HandlesbtnSave. Click   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim  d t  As  DataTable = dsCustomers. Tables(â€Å"Customers†)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If  txtCustomerID. Text =  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†Ã‚  Or  txtCompanyName. Text =  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†Ã‚  Then   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MsgBox(â€Å"Please fill up Customer ID or Company Name information. â€Å", MsgBoxStyle.Critical)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Exit  Sub End  If Try If  State = gModule. FormState. adStateAddMode  Then   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ add a row Dim  newRow  As  DataRow newRow = dt. NewRow() newRow(â€Å"CustomerID†) = txtCustomerID. Text   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   dt. Rows. Add(newRow) End  If With  dt .Rows(0)(â€Å"CustomerID†) = txtCustomerID. Text   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . Rows(0)(â€Å"CompanyName†) = txtCompanyName. Text   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . Rows(0)(â€Å"ContactName†) = IIf(txtContactName. Text =  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†, System. DBNull. Value, txtContactName. Text)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . Rows(0)(â€Å"ContactTitle†) = IIf(txtContactTitle. Text =  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†, System.DBNull. Value, txtContactTitle. Text)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . Rows(0)(â€Å"Address†) = IIf(txtAddress. Text =  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†, System. DBNull. Value, txtAddress. Text)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . Rows(0)(â€Å"City†) = IIf(txtCity. Text =  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†, System. DBNull. Value, txtCity. Text)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . Rows(0)(â€Å"Region†) = IIf(txtRegion. Text =  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†, System. DBNull. Value, txtRegion. Text)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . Rows(0)(â€Å"PostalCode†) = IIf(txtPostalCode. Text =  Ã¢â‚ ¬Å"†, System. DBNull. Value, txtPostalCode. Text)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . Rows(0)(â€Å"Country†) = IIf(txtCountry. Text =  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†, System. DBNull. Value, txtCountry.Text)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . Rows(0)(â€Å"Phone†) = IIf(txtPhone. Text =  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†, System. DBNull. Value, txtPhone. Text)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . Rows(0)(â€Å"Fax†) = IIf(txtFax. Text =  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†, System. DBNull. Value, txtFax. Text)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   daCustomers. Update(dsCustomers,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Customers†)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MsgBox(â€Å"Record successfully saved. â€Å", MsgBoxStyle. Information)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  End  With Catch  ex  As  OleDbException MsgBox(ex. ToString) End  Try End  Sub The code for adding and u pdating a table is the same except that if you are in add mode you just simply add this command: If  State = gModule.FormState. adStateAddMode  Then ‘ add a row Dim  newRow  As  DataRow newRow = dt. NewRow() newRow(â€Å"CustomerID†) = txtCustomerID. Text dt. Rows. Add(newRow) End If This way you do not need to create a separate command to insert and update a table. Delete a Record Let us go back to  frmCustomersList  form and delete a record. The procedure before will be fired after clicking a Delete button: Private  Sub  btnDelete_Click(ByVal  sender  As  System. Object,  ByVal  e  As  System. EventArgs)  HandlesbtnDelete. Click   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dim  CustomerID  As  String For  Each  sItem  As  ListViewItem  In  lvList.SelectedItems   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CustomerID = sItem. Text Next If  CustomerID ;;  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†Ã‚  Then ‘Delete the selected record Dim  strDeleted   As  Boolean strDeleted = ExecNonQuery(â€Å"DELETE Customers. CustomerID FROM Customers WHERE CustomerID= ‘†Ã‚  & CustomerID &  Ã¢â‚¬Å"‘†)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If  strDeleted =  Ã¢â‚¬Å"True†Ã‚  Then MsgBox(â€Å"Record's deleted. â€Å", MsgBoxStyle. Information)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Call  FillList() Else MsgBox(strDeleted) End  If Else MsgBox(â€Å"Please select record to delete. â€Å", MsgBoxStyle. Critical)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  End  If End  Sub The important line here is the strDeleted = ExecNonQuery(â€Å"DELETE Customers.CustomerID FROM Customers WHERE CustomerID= ‘†Ã‚  & CustomerID &  Ã¢â‚¬Å"‘†) which call the function  ExecNonQuery  and deletes a record based on the SQL Statement. Final Thoughts The above tutorial will simply teach you on how to connect to a database and make some changes to the database table. It is very important that you read first some tutorials about programming before you dive into the source code if you’re just starting out. If you really wanted to learn faster, then I recommend a book which is my reference also with this article. This book is called  Beginning VB 2008 Databases: From Novice to Professional (Beginning: