Documents of American History

There have been a number of amendments within the United States Constitution that have distinguished themselves as having an important and lasting quality, more so than other amendments. The first amendment with its protection of religious freedom, freedom of the press, assembly, speech and petition is seen as the most important. The 2nd amendment which states that a well organized militia is allowed to carry arms and which the Supreme Court has interpreted it to mean all law abiding citizens have the right to carry arms has been a source of debate for many years.There are two amendments within the Constitution that are terribly important, yet have been forgotten in the years since its passage. The 14th Amendment, which established citizenship for all persons born within the United States had enormous historical and political implications as it overturns the Dred Scott Supreme Court Decision of 1857, strengthens the 13th Amendment and helps pave the way for the 15th Amendment as well as the Civil Rights Act of 1875. The second important yet forgotten amendment within the Constitution is the 19th Amendment which gives woman the right to vote.This amendment as well has large historical and political implications as well since the current frontrunner in the quest for the Democratic nomination for President is Hillary Clinton: a woman. This modern turn of events would not have been made possible if not only for the 19th amendment but also the decades of protests and all the work on behalf of women’s suffrage that took place. The 14th Amendment states that no state can infringe upon the rights of any person, regardless of their race: â€Å"Section 1.All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State depri ve any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. † This is a key aspect of the text as it helps to strengthen the 13th amendment as well. With the passage of the 13th amendment on January 1, 1863, nothing really changed.The Southern States, who were in rebellion against the Union, felt that they were no longer bound to obey any laws that came out of Washington. The amendment would have to be recognized once the Union won the Civil War and brought the southern states back into the Union. To a lesser degree, the same could be said about the 14th amendment and its relation to its predecessor, the 13th amendment. After the war, there was no longer any slavery and four million African Americans were left at the doorstep of the Federal government while still residing in the Southern states.The great migration of African Americans to the Northern cities was still decades in the fu ture. So as a result, southern legislatures sought to put African Americans back in a type of quasi slavery though oppressive Jim Crow and black code laws. These laws were designed to return blacks to their pre war condition of submission to the white establishment. This was accomplished through restrictive measures that prevented African Americans from suing in court, testifying in court, being a member of a jury as well as being able to own a gun.African Americans were not allowed to gather on a street corner by themselves and racial discrimination regarding public places was understood to be included in these black codes as well. The 14th amendment was passed during Reconstruction. Abraham Lincoln had been assassinated and Vice President Johnson, a southerner from Tennessee had been made president. He was from the south but loathed the south’s actions of rebellion during the civil war. However, those feelings seem to pass as he vetoed nearly every civil rights bill that wa s passed by Congress during his years in office.It would be these actions by President Johnson that would give him the dubious honor of being the first President to be impeached. He avoided banishment by one vote in the senate but the success of his presidency was over. It is in this context that the 14th amendment was passed since in the end, the 14th amendment is a civil rights bill that would be challenged in the years after its passage. The 14th Amendment did not go as far as the Radical Republicans, as they were called, wanted it to go.The 15th amendment and the 1875 Civil Rights Act, built upon the power that the 13th and 14th amendments went in securing the rights of individuals under the Constitution, regardless of their race. The power of the 14th Amendment would be limited after the Supreme Court outlawed the 1875 Civil Rights Act which was built upon the power of the 14th amendment. The Supreme Court said that only the state was prohibited from infringing upon the Civil R ights of an individual and that private businesses could be allowed to implement such practices as segregation or refusal to rent or sell to an African American if they chose to do so.The power of the 14th Amendment would be further decreased with the 1890 Supreme Court Case Plessey vs. Ferguson. The Supreme Court held that the states could not impose segregation on public places as long as those facilities were â€Å"separate but equal. † There were many at the time of the passage of the 14th amendment and who felt that they were responsible for it passage, who regarded the 14th amendment as having broad powers concerning its ability to give African Americans equal protection and recognition under the law. In the immediate years after the passage of the amendment, this seemed to be more and more, less likely to occur.The original intent of the law and its power would not be seen until the 20th century with such decisions as Brown vs. Board or Education (1954) which stuck dow n forever, racial discrimination within public places. Another important aspect of the 14 amendment was the fact that since African Americans was now seen as citizens, their representation in Congress needed to be known. The section reads: Section 2. â€Å"Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed.But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens sh all bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.† Although not at the immediate time of its passage, this section allows for African Americans, now citizens, to be represented in Congress. This struck down the previous â€Å"three-fifths† clause which states that for political reasons, African Americans would be counted as only 3/5 of a vote and therefore, not seen by the government as a complete person. The 14th amendment, continuing on the theme of Civil Rights, struck down this offensive aspect of the Original Constitution in order to give African Americas, now citizens, the rights afforded to them as citizens of The United States of America.Full rights for African Americans would not be realized for many more decades but the 14th amendment did a great deal in increasing those rights that help each citizen to feel as though they are a part of the democratic process and are recognized in such a capacity. The struggle for womenâ€⠄¢s suffrage reached its peak during the late 1800s. But the famous 1848 meeting at Seneca Falls New York, directed by Elizabeth Caty Stanton and Lucretia Mott, two giants in the cause for women’s suffrage fought long and hard for the right to be able to vote.The first state to allow women to vote was Wyoming in 1870 and women were even allowed to sit as jurors but there was no federal amendment to protect a woman’s right to vote and the majority of the country did not recognize a woman’s right to vote. The cause for women’s suffrage would enjoy a resurgence during the abolitionist days and the move against slavery. The fight for equal rights for African Americans could not help but remind the female abolitionists that they did not even have some of the rights that the former slaves were bound to receive once their freedom would be won.This came to fruition with help from the 14th Amendment. This amendment not only gave citizenship to all individuals that were born in the United States, meaning four million former slaves would now be considered citizens but also gave voting rights to all males in the country. In May 1869, the National Woman Suffrage Association was founded by Elizabeth Caty Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. The organization set out to win a national amendment which would grant women the right to vote. In November 1869, the American Woman Suffrage Association was formed and fought for both state and federal woman suffrage amendments.This helped lay the groundwork for the national campaigns in Washington D. C. in 1912. In 1917, the Susan B. Anthony Federal Suffrage amendment was placed before the House. In 1919, both houses of Congress approved the amendment and it went to the state legislatures for ratification. The approval of thirty six states were needed before the suffrage amendment could become law and surprisingly, the states moved with surprising speed and in August 1920, the 19th Amendment became part of the Cons titution. The wording of the amendment reads as such:The right of citizens in the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Both the 14th and 19th Amendments expand the rights of an important segment of the population. Such amendments have been forgotten because the rights that they protect are seen as never having a starting point for a large segment of the population that seems oblivious to anything that has happened before they were born.Recently, a popular comedy television show, had as one of its comedy pieces, set up a table outside of a busy walkway and sought out women to sign a petition: â€Å"To end Women’s Suffrage. † An alarming number of women as well as men signed the petition, possibly confusing suffrage for suffering. It is due to this amazing level of ignorance that the history, wording and influence of these above mentioned amendments be reintroduced into the nation’s consciousness.The 19th amendment gave women the right to vote but it also told women what they already knew: that they were an important aspect of the American democratic system and that their involvement was required. Women then became governors, senators, representatives, Supreme Court judges and in 2008, possibly the next President of the United States. The 19th Amendment helped make all of this come to fruition, along with the dedication and perseverance of a lot of women and men as well.The 14th amendment is also one of those amendments whose forgotten memory serves as an impediment to every American who assumes that they ways that things are today, is how they have always been. In this manner, history’s importance is all too often underestimated as ignorance breeds apathy for the works and sacrifice of others who came before. When Americans think of civil rights, they think of Martin Luther King Jr. Ro sa Parks and perhaps even Jesse Jackson. But the study of civil rights must first start in the 18th and 19th century if at all.â€Å"The 13th, 14th and 15th amendments which greatly increased the rights for all peoples, regardless of their race as well as the 19th amendment, all had their origins in the 19th century. † And as it is with most amendments, its origins are seen years and decades before its actual passage and many times, opens the door for further legislation in the future. The 14th and 19th amendments are two examples of this. Sadly, America’s heroes are based more upon pop culture and the every day actions of Britney Spears and Paris Hilton. More is known about their unimportant lives than the sacrifices of Elizabeth Caty Stanton and Susan B.Anthony despite the fact that their actions have a more encompassing and important affect on their lives than pop culture ever will, or at least should. Every amendment within the Constitution should be studied and re cognized for what it is and does. This is especially true for the 14th and 19th amendments. WORKS CITED Commanger, Henry Steele. Documents of American History. New York: Century Publishers, 1947 Perry, Michael. We the People. The 14th Amendment and the Supreme Court. New York: Oxford University Press. 1999. The Supreme Court. PBS Video: Thirteen Production. February 24, 2007

Lakota Hills

Challenges and advantages of developing a specialty food business: The specialty food business can be rewarding and exciting, but it can also be a real struggle. Specialty foods can range from salad dressing to chocolate sauce to fragrant breads. If you can make it, you can sell it–provided you know how. The specialty food business is more about marketing than cooking, getting your product on the shelves and then off again into customers' shopping carts. You can look at it in two ways, when some people go grocery shopping; they want not just a can of soup but something special. But other hand in an age when very few have the time to stay home and bake cookies, put up preserves or pickles, or spend hours over that simmering pot of soup or spaghetti sauce, most of us scan the supermarket shelves for take-home goodness. So if you're renowned among family and friends for your famous chili or killer brownies or champagne jelly, then the specialty foods business might be your piece of pie.The advantages to this business are that it’s creative and challenging, and if you believe in your product, it can be extremely rewarding. Besides the ability to whip up a mean soufflà © or sorbet, you'll need a working knowledge of safe food-handling practices, health regulations and product liability laws. A flair for food packaging is also a must–nobody's going to buy your delightful Danishes if they look dumpy.Advantages:Being your own boss. Creating your own work environment: hours, flexibility, etc. Doing something in which you believe Reaping the benefits of hard work and long hours directly. Variety, challenges, and opportunities for creativity, full use of knowledge More open earning and growth potential Satisfaction of a successful venture, a product well received EmpowermentDisadvantages:Risk of failure Time Commitment — 60-70 hrs per week is normal Financial strain as assets become tied to business start up and success Strain on family due to financial and lifestyle change Emotional burnout Unavoidable business roles/requirements you’d rather not fill Rejection of your product by consumersIs their current strategy the best way to build Lakota hills? Yes, their current strategy will work in the initial stages to grow into a profitable business. Like targeting specialty stores, chain supermarkets and targeting retail segment with consumer educational plan. How might they integrate other channels into their overall selling model? Marketing is the key for specialty food business. With the right amount of advertising and educating the consumers about the products, Lakota hills will be able to convince other channels too like food brokers and self distributing retailers.They should still continue to target specialty stores, arts and crafts festivals, farmers' markets, events to reach more consumers and first time buyers. And they should also start mail orders, individual mail orders and online sales. If they choose the mail order route, Lakota Hills should develop their own mailing list by having everyone who purchases their products or show interest to purchase at flea markets, festivals or other events sign a guest book with address lines. Another option is to place small magazine ads so customers can order products by mail. How will Lakota Hills make money?By increasing the fry bread sales. They should start considering Adding new line of related Native American products Creating online presence and sales Providing recipes to the consumers They should work towards creating themselves as a brand instead of a productAs an angel investor, would you participate in the round this venture is seeking? Yes, I will be interested to participate in the venture. Because Lakota Hills has built up a good reputation, their business plan and financial projection looks promising. I will suggest targeting online sales if I have to invest. Online presence is the best way to reach millions of consumers.

Characteristics of a Leader

There are certain characteristic found in some people. It is just that, they put them in a position where people looked up to as a leader. People often say ‘ He or she is a born leader’. Whether in fact a person is born a leader or develop skills and abilities to become a good leader is open for debate. There are some clear characteristics that are found in good leaders. These qualities can be developed and naturally is the part of their personality. Firstly, a good leader must have a positive attitude. This quality is a required not just for a leader but everybody. However, this is specially necessary for a leader. A leader needs to be positive and motivate his team, in times that are hard and times that are brutal. When times are tough and his team is absolutely down, when times are really frustrating, a leader is the who carries his team and his organization forward and that is what a leader needs to do look at the bright side of each and everything. Besides a good leader must be a good listener. This is because a good leader needs to listen to her followers. She needs to get feedback on a regular basis, open her eyes and ears and keep listening. Now a word of caution. Listening does not mean to blindly follow and accept everything that is said and shown. What goes hand in hand is listening. This also helps her followers to express theirs feeling or even to speak their rights. The quality which a leader should possess is intelligence and alertness. A leader has to use his brain every time and also has to remain  Ã‚   alert with   eyes and ears open otherwise he could easily be carried by any fraud or enemy. Many a times we see such situations around us, where a person in trouble or problem doesn’t hesitate in blaming and embarrassing even his closest friend to save himself, and also does not bother about his friends at all because the person has to get rid of his problems anyhow. So, he just thinks about himself and his life,   the life of other does not matter to him much. Some people have a misconception that only those people who are physically strong can become good leaders, but this is not the fact. A leader may not be physically strong but he needs to be mentally strong and firm in decisions. For example, Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation was the greatest leader but he was active and had a firm desire to serve the Nation. He had the power of organizing and uniting people and attracting people towards him by his speeches. This is the best quality of a leader which he had in him. We can also say that, a person who can satisfy the basic psychological needs of his followers can also be an effective leader. A leader must have average character . There are no perfect people, but for a leader to be considered good, they must have a character that is unquestioned within the organization. Leadership always draws criticism from someone, so a leader may not be able to get everyone to believe in him or her, but the people who know the leader best should trust the leader’s character. In a nutshell, a good leader must be faithful to his group members and activities. This in turn, will result in an atmosphere of assurance among the followers. Having faith in self abilities and the world around him , the leader gains inspiration and also inspires others in the process.

Product Pricing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Product Pricing Strategy - Essay Example Hence, it is very important that the organization should know all their costs in developing the products and in their marketing & inventory holding. Once the internal thresholds are known there are multiple additional factors that drive pricing decisions from market perspective. Monroe and Bitta (1978. pp414) presented a consolidated view of multiple models of product pricing decision classified as - new product models, product line models, price change models and price structure models. The indicated their choice for market comparisons based pricing - like related products, volumes in demands, number of discounted units, price differential with competition, etc. These factors have been empirically accepted by product strategists in pricing their products. However, the author agrees with a new theory presented more recently in 2000 by Thakur and Nair et al. (2000. pp90-92) on product pricing stating that products should be priced based on consumer preferences and not by the actual pr ices or consumer budgets. They reiterated that the products should be offered with the characteristics preferred by customers kept above thresholds and priced based on maximum welfare model such that consumers having wide variations of income can afford the product. This is particularly prevalent in automobile and consumer durables markets. Armstrong (1996. pp51-52) argued that prices should be kept variable as per customer preferences such that premium customers buying larger quantities are offered lesser prices and standard customers buying lesser quantities are offered more prices. However, it is observed that when customer preferences are combined with inventory levels, companies tend to increase prices irrespective of whether the customers are premium or standard. There are some concerns in such models that the author presents in the next section. Ethical considerations and other concerns in product pricing Ethical considerations are specifically required to be considered in monopolistic product pricing when dynamic pricing is carried out with fluctuating demands combined with inventory levels. Elmaghraby and Keskinocak (2003. pp1288-1289) discussed that, empirically, dynamic pricing has been one of the best practices in products and services due to change in customer demands (like urgent deliveries needed) or change in inventory levels (less inventory of products in more demand). This strategy is largely prevalent in service industries - like Airlines, Hotels, Transportation, etc. From the ethical perspective, the author hereby argues that dynamic pricing should not be carried out for essential commodities like food, clothes, medicines, healthcare, hospital beds, etc. Some companies increase prices substantially as soon as they witness customer orders with urgency. There are theories in operations research to maximize profits by taking urgent supply orders from customers at premium pri ces (example, Levin & Ma. 2004. pp217). While it may be a good practice to service customers with urgent

The Case of Lancaster ElectronicsTypes of Disclosure Essay

The Case of Lancaster ElectronicsTypes of Disclosure - Essay Example As an auditor he is supposed to give a report to give direction to the management of Lancaster Electronics. The payment of the dividend, year 2009 was as per the policy, but 2010 payment was halted and resumed in the first quarter of 2011. The information should have been reflected in the equity’s statement. Grinaker & Barr (1965) argued that changes in the equity payment should always be explained briefly in the footnote of equity statement. In 2010, the dividend was retained to finance the equipment for the new plant. The amount was neither reflected in the income statement as expenses nor in cash flow statement as investing activities. An auditor has to be certain that cash generated and spent can be accounted. Lancaster electronics received a loan that was to be repaid within a timeframe of ten years. The loan is a long term liability since it has to be repaid for more than one year. This should have been reflected in the balance sheet as long term liability. A ten year loan repayment period is a huge chunk amount of money. Therefore, the report of an auditor will not represent the actual state of the company. The agreement between the lender and Lancaster, of dividend payment, should not exceed the net income is contrary to how the firm used to treat preferred stocks. A brief explanation should be attached at the footnote of the equity statement. The staff auditor’s reported stated there was no restriction on the retained earning as at 31 Dec 2011. The information should be in equity statement so that other auditor can make a report that is accurate and reliable. Failure to include that information an auditor will a make wrong conclusion regarding dividend payment. Lancaster Electronics has a new manufacturing plant that costs $ 600,000. However, the lease is neither reflecting on the balance sheet nor income statement. An increase in asset volume and value makes the company stable. If a company does not present its entire asset on the

American Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

American Revolution - Essay Example The colonies thought that the government wanted to impose total control over them and make the pay expensively for things that they highly required yet could not afford them. Through the introduction of these Acts, the colonies also believed that the government would later come up with other taxation Acts, which would require them to pay more tax. B. What role did African Americans play during the American Revolution? The African American assisted the American in their revolution battle whereby they participated willingly in the military forces, even though they did this in exchange of their freedom from slavery. At first, the American avoided involving the black in the fight, but it is until when the blacks intervened that the Americans became victorious. Study shows that more than 5000 blacks participated in the battle and that the number of the Americans involved was much lower . C. Describe how the patriot achieved the unity needed to wage the War for Independence?. The patriot decided to make a declaration for independence which enables them bring people together, and gained the corporation they required to engage in the battle for independence . This was successful since, the patriots had power over all regions and population, and because the colonial states had abandoned their former government and chased the British senates away. Therefore, it became necessary to implement a new constitution in every nation .

Psychology (body satisfaction) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Psychology (body satisfaction) - Essay Example Additionally, it increases to a greater extent when in the presence of physically unfit peers. It is the goal of this research study to test this notion. In so doing, the research will utilize pictures of physically fit and physically unfit individuals. The Body Satisfaction Scale (BSS) will be administered to determine if the viewing of these pictures affected the participant's body satisfaction. The participants in this study will be 120 working adult males and females who will volunteer to participate. The questions raised for investigation in this study necessitated reaching a sample of subjects much more limited in availability than the undergraduate university student samples so often used in social psychological research of this nature. This requirement for subjects will raise some interesting sampling problems. Considering the financial constraints of this study, it was not possible to obtain a fully randomized sample from one geographical location, e.g. a specific community which would represent a cross-section of individuals from all educational and socio-economic backgrounds. At the same time convenience samples must be avoided. In light of these considerations the decision was made to limit the sample on an employment variable and include only working adults. This control for employment will enable the researcher to seek groups of individuals employed in a single facility as a source of volunteer subjects. The alternative, seeking volunteers from several small captive groups such as service clubs, associations, etc., holds the potential of increasing the risks of obtaining convenience samples and bias. The participants for this study will be obtained from two sources: The local university and the local shopping and the volunteers will not be paid or otherwise compensated. Measures Satisfaction or dissatisfaction with particular aspects of the body will be assessed using a revised version of the Body Cathexis Scale (BC) developed by Secord and Jourard (1953) and modified by Franzoi & Shields in 1984. The participants will be asked to evaluate each item on a five-point Likert scale ranging, from "1" (very dissatisfied) to "5" (very satisfied). Procedures Upon entering the study room, the volunteers will receive a BC survey, a cover letter explaining the study and an informed consent. For the purposes of conducting a randomized controlled trial, the study subjects will be randomly divided into three distinct groups-One control group and two experimental groups. The control group will consist of individuals who will be requested to complete the BC scale as modified by Franzoi & Shields (1984). One experimental group will be shown a slide show consisted of pictures of physically fit individuals of both gender and asked to complete the BC survey after viewing those pictures. The final experimental group will be shown a slide show consisting of pictures of physically unfit individuals and then asked to complete the survey. Upon completion of the surveys, the participants will be informed that they have a right to view the findings of the study and were given a website which will contain the study findings. In briefing the participants on the study, the researcher intends to utilize deception in the form of omission in order to ensure the accuracy of the reported results. As such, the study subjec

Business case studies Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business studies - Case Study Example Specific performance may therefore be granted in the event that the court can identify the elements and that no vitiating factor exists in a case. Further, in case of existence of a vitiating factor, the party with an advantage over the factors must have not rescinded the contract of must not have such intentions. An agreement between the two parties, consideration, contractual capacity, and legality of the subject matter must be met and the process of creating the contract must be free from duress, undue influence, misrepresentation, and fraud (Goldman and Sigismond 129). In addition to establishing existence of a contract for determination of breach, the required performance must meet rules of specific performance. A party qualifies for a specific performance remedy if other equitable remedies are not sufficient to cover the damage of breach of contract. Examples are in cases of specific property of in contract of service that include execution of talent. Artwork such as paintings is an example of performances that warrant specific performance. A court is also likely to award specific performance if it is able super to supervise performance. Ability to identify the performance and nature of supervision determines this. In the case of Co-operative v Argyll Stores (Holdings) Ltd (1997), for example, the courts acknowledged need for specific performance but declined to award it because the performance would require constant supervision from the courts. Another significant factor in specific performance is that it is awarded at the court’s discretion (Kelly, Hayward, Hammer and Hendy 310). The case of General against Honi identifies existence of a contract that agreement between the two parties, contractual capacity, implied consideration, and legality of the subject matter support. The scope of the contract identifies specific commodity

Spencer Johnson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Spencer Johnson - Essay Example In this light, the need to find ways to deal with challenges presented by the flurry of change in our life becomes of the most urgent and demanding. In this regard, the book "Who Moved My Cheese" by Spencer Johnson that I had recently read is addressed exactly to those who seek ways to effectively manage changes in their lives. One of the main points of the author is that change as such can not only bring anxiety, but good opportunities as well. How we perceive changes depends on our attitudes towards life and valuable things in it, which the author calls 'cheese'. Thus, the principal message of Johnsons book is that if we begin to understand the true value of 'cheese' in our life, and develop a realistic and positive attitude to changes that seem to move our cheese away from us, we can become much more successful and effective in managing our well-being. It is not accidental that the book "Who Moved My Cheese" depicts a maze in which four characters live, because the maze represents our path towards happiness in life, and the four characters with their different attitudes represent different parts of human nature. Trying to sho w readers the inherent simplicity of insights offered in the book, the author manages to convince that everyone can courageously confront change in different spheres of our life, like career, family, health, spiritual growth, etc. Now, it is no wonder that, in light of what we had initially observed, the book "Who Moved My Cheese" has become so much popular throughout the world as it addresses one of the most universal problems of modernity. And while some could blame this work on being somewhat simplistic, I am sure that most people would find it nevertheless very helpful and encouraging. Personally, upon reading this book and taking some time to contemplate on its messages I began to become aware of how fear and psychological effects of change influence my life. I found especially inspiring the proposal from "Who Moved My Cheese" to imagine what I would do if I were not afraid, and I must confess that now I realize that there are a lot of things which I would like to change in my life, but which I have been afraid to abandon because of the uncertainty about what a change can bring. At the same time, the mentioned book made me think that some larger problems could also be fixed by application of the offered principles. For instance, many religion-based conflicts could disappear if those who perceive their religions as endangered in the modern world were to realize that changes are not inherently bad, but, being inevitable, changes offer benefits as well. This ability of principles and approaches advanced by the author to be applicable for both personal and global realms of our life testifies to their validity. In this regard, I can define three general conclusions that I made after reading this book and that have influenced my values and my understanding of peculiarities and demands of our modern life. Firstly, it is important to point out that one of the main traits of modernity is the complexity and interdependency of phenomena that surround us, be they social, economic, cultural or physical in nature. On the other hand, one of the main traits of human nature is the propensity for investigating the world we live in. Thus, as for example science has a developed methodology for studying its subjects, a person who aims to

Compare two poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Compare two poetry - Essay Example of another indispensable character, the speaker’s son, Tichborne necessitates first person point of view for the narrating individual who is himself the central subject of the piece â€Å"My Prime of Youth is But a Frost of Cares†. Through the work of Jonson, the reader is engaged into the grieving sentiment of a man whose first son yield to a seemingly untimely death which the father recounts in bitter yet fond memories of affection, expressing â€Å"Farewell, thou child of my right hand, and joy.† As the text progresses in monologue, it appears as though the man illustrates how he has been through suffering and pain with the child yet despite this, he exhibits remorse, stating â€Å"My sin was too much hope of thee, lov’d boy.† One could be drawn to perceive a scenario of a literally dying son whom the father chooses not to save for another great cause or ground more essential than life. On exclaiming â€Å"O, could I lose all father now!† the speaker acknowledges his own weakness and shortfall at being incapable of executing an act of salvation for his offspring. Eventually he seeks to be justified, nevertheless, upon rationalizing â€Å"For why / Will Man lament the state he sh ould envy?† and this makes a smooth transition from the stage where he could have fully relished all guilt and put the burden on himself. To him, he would rather see a dead son than witness a child struggle with harsh realities of living when there is nothing he could do, remaining helpless for the loved one. It would be felt that no matter how difficult it is for the man to make the decision of letting go, allowing his son’s demise may be alternatively understood in the light of an outstanding love that would never afford to have someone subject to prolonged exposure to misery. On the other hand, Tichborne employs a similar tone of loss and regret for the character in the elegy â€Å"My Prime of Youth is But a Frost of Cares†, this time however, the man speaks of himself and of his

Evaluate strategies which may be used by businesses Essay Example for Free

Evaluate strategies which may be used by businesses Essay Evaluate strategies which may be used by businesses and governments to improve the competitiveness of a country’s goods and services. Competitiveness is the ability of a firm or a nation to offer goods and services that meet the quality standards of the local people and world markets at prices that are competitive and provide adequate returns on the resources employed or consumed in producing them. Governments have an important role for improving the competitiveness of their country’s goods and services. Governments are able to change regulations and taxes according to what they believe about their country’s state of economy. For example, a government may decide to decrease the corporation tax in order to improve the competitiveness of a country’s goods and services. A decrease in the corporation tax will encourage new firms to set up and existing firms to invest. Corporation tax is a levy placed on the profit of a firm with different rates used for different levels or profits. They are taxes against profits earned by businesses during a given taxable period. If there is a decrease in the corporation tax, it means that firms will have an increased retained profit since less money goes to the government revenue. This will allow firms to use this money to improve competitiveness. More spending on investment will be possible which will increase productivity. If the firms invest on capital goods such as machinery that will benefit the firm by producing at lower cost, then the firm might able to set lower prices in order to improve price-competitiveness. For example the UK government reduced the headline corporation tax rate from 30% to 28% in 2007 Budget. Reducing corporation tax increased the retained profits for UK firms that can plough back into investment projects. This should help to boost the UK capital stock. It should also help the UK to keep attracting foreign direct investment which improves the competitiveness furthermore since British firms may gain from the advanced technology and innovation of foreign multinationals. (Technology transfer) However, if the government decreases corporation tax, there might be some firms that decide to save the retained profits instead of spending on investment. This might be because there is a period of recession and firms might find it risky to invest. In addition many firms have chosen not to reinvest as they have been more concerned with making short term profits rather than investing in the future. If firms choose to save rather than invest their retained profits, a decrease in the corporation tax wouldn’t improve competitiveness. Another measure to improve competitiveness is to increase government spending on education and training. If the government can improve the quality of teaching in schools and universities and encourage more people to go to university, then this should lead to increase in productivity of the workforce in the future. Greater productivity will lead to greater efficiency in firms which will in turn lead to lower average costs of production. This may improve the price competitiveness of UK goods and services. In addition it would improve the non price competitiveness since a more educated workforce is likely to be able to be more creative and innovative. Greater innovation should lead to better quality products and the creation of patents, copyrights, brands etc. However, increased spending on education and training by the government does not always lead to increased global competitiveness. It will depend greatly on exactly how the money is spent. For example expenditure for improving school buildings or Ofsted inspections may not necessarily improve the effectiveness of the teachers and the quality of education. On the other hand spending on training teachers and advancing their professional development, might be a more effective means of improving educational standards in the future and increasing productivity. However even in this case the effects are not likely materialise until the longer term. Another way in which the government can improve the non price competitiveness and price competitiveness in international markets is to encourage innovation and research. Tax allowances have been made available to businesses spending on innovation and research. However, there has also been a variety of programmes which enable some businesses to gain grants for research and development R D and to set up knowledge transfer networks and universities. Such measures are likely to be more successful than tax cats since firms are given incentives to research and development through receiving tax concessions and from making connection to universities where they have the opportunity to learn about the latest scientific and technological advancements. On the other hand businesses, are able to introduce a variety of measures to improve the competitiveness of the goods and services. These include increasing the level of investment on new technology, on staff training, on ICT, etc . One way by which businesses might improve the competitiveness of their goods or services is by increasing the spending on R D. By increasing the spending on R D, businesses will most probably benefit from product and process innovation. If a business manages to create a unique and different product than the rest products in the market, it would be able to compete much more easily since consumers will prefer to buy the most innovated and technological updated products. For example Steve Job’s firm, Apple spent $758 million on RD during the first fiscal quarter of 2012. If we take Apple as an example which is one of the most profitable companies, we clearly see that it has benefited from the heavy spending on R D. It has come up with products such as the iPhone where the sales reached the number of 98,144,000 in the first three quadrants of 2012. However, some businesses prefer not to spend on R D because they do not think about the longer term. Also there are other firms that fail to spend on R D. For example the procedure of R D may result in no innovative products or procedures that will improve competitiveness and therefore. Another way, by which businesses might improve competitiveness, is by improving productivity. Productivity is the output per worker. There are different ways by which productivity can be improved. For example if the firms increase the wages, workers might be motivated to work harder. Also, training can improve the knowledge and skills of staff. Improved recruitment and selection may have the same effect which will increase productivity in the short term. If the business increases spending on training, workers will be more educated and informed about their job. This will increase the productivity since they will be able to produce more output at the same working hours and wages. If the productivity is increased, it means that more output will be produced at relatively the same costs. This will allow the firm to get bigger in size, lower the running and operational costs, increase income and gain a greater share of the market. This will increase both price and non-price competitiveness. However productivity doesn’t always improve competitiveness. For example if training isn’t done effectively, and workers do not give attention or really care about the job, then they won’t improve their knowledge and skills, training will not improve productivity, and therefore productivity will not improve competitiveness. In addition, productivity might not improve competitiveness because in the case of increasing the wages in relation of the output the worker producers, there are workers that wouldn’t be motivated by an increase in their salary and therefore will not produce a greater output. Productivity can be used as a measure to improve competitiveness only if it is used correctly and it can increase both price and non-price competitiveness. It can improve price competitiveness by allowing the businesses to set lower prices and improve non-price competitiveness by expanding as a firm and increasing its popularity.

E-Learning Management System Essay Example for Free

E-Learning Management System Essay The basic facilitator for E-learning is triggered by the exponential growth of internet and thirst for information to make smooth decisions at all spheres. The primary purpose is to help people all over in making their lives easier. E-learning creates a network consisting of every being who desires to share and use information. It is very crucial to researchers, professionals and policy makers who require information at the correct time for their work and development. It helps immensely the businesses to cater to a large public domain, typically rendering to B2B, B2C and C2C models. It helps them to cater on-demand services from anywhere across the globe for taking advantage of technology and newer innovations for growth and development. Information can flow smooth across nations and businesses so that its transition can help them to learn newer things and implement it in practice creating an environment of trust and confidence. Communication forms a major part of our lives which can be enriched by sharing information. E-learning management system must be set up effectively with the help of domain experts and professionals so that the correct representation of information can take place. Appropriate classification and representation would further help in optimum procurement and use of it in practice. Knowledge repositories of current practices and lessons learned must be captured effectively for further derivation of knowledge and intelligence. The concept of Data mining is of great importance. Interoperability issues must be addressed to acknowledge the successful delivery of knowledge. Security and quality consideration is a priority as any form of abuse would affect quality of the content. Special care must be taken with regard to knowledge depository so that it can be successfully implemented in practice to render effective services to masses for their prosperity.

Ports Of Coromandel Coast History Essay

Ports Of Coromandel Coast History Essay When we talk about the term Coromandel, we see that it is generally believed to have hand and very early historical past and the term Coromandel, widely held to be derived from the classical Tamil regional name Colamandalam, when applied to the eastern coast of India has come to embrace a wider geographic area than that for which it was originally used. The visitor of the 19th century would be struck by the description given to Coromandel by the 17th-century writers. What exactly distinguishes both these sets of observations is that the 17th-century idea of Coromandel is too vast and wide than that of the 19th century and secondly it divides the Coromandel into two neat parts with the Godavari river as the dividing point. For contemporary visitors of the seventeenth century to the area, the Coromandel Coast was the wide expanse of Indias eastern coast from point Calimere, where the coastline takes a sharp northerly drift, to near the 200 N latitude or the port of Ganjam. It was divid ed into two parts, the north and the south, with the Godavari point being the dividing the between the two. In later times the Coromandel Coast proper was held to be to the south of this Godavari point and the north was known as the Gingelly coast or Golconda coast. By the seventeenth century usage, the term embraced the coastlines of the modern states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh (Telugu Desam) and the southern tip of Orissa  [1]  . Contemporary visitors to the area looked upon the entire coast as forming one trading region, with common patterns of trade, common characteristics of seafaring and a broadly similar hinterland. The extent to which they were justified in this will become clear in the succeeding pages, where the trade of the region is considered  [2]  . This justice is the whole point that the geographical regions do not have an inherent constitution and are not defined merely by physical phenomena like rocks Rivers, mountains and many other such naturally occur ring features. On the contrary, the human interaction with the region produces the region and thus we see that during the pre-modern period the Coromandel was region whose prime importance to outsiders was trade, whereas in the centuries preceding the mediaeval period no such large-scale trading activity was found. Therefore the constitution of the region of Coromandel by the Europeans was based on trade that took place during the height period of capitalism in Europe. Another striking feature of the Coromandel cost and in general the western coast of India was the absence of natural harbours and also naturally occurring features conducive for shipping. This is one of the reasons that for trade to take place in the Western coastline of India was easy though the continental shelf was very deep. In the eastern coast, the low continental shelf and lack of deep harbours hindered the moment of big vessels from the reverse to the ocean. In the whole Coromandel coast, there were only very few points that are very favourable for shipping and it is only logical that, these points have become the major ports. A brief description of the ports would help us in understanding the nature of the moment of vessels and consequently the trade patterns. The western shores of the Bay of Bengal were generally inhospitable for shipping. There were no naturally endowed havens on the coast comparable to the Trincomalee Bay in eastern Ceylon. Kakinada, the place that came n earest to such a natural harbour, did not have other favourable characteristics as a trade outlet and was not one of the major ports of the area in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Most of the ports of outlet were either exposed to the full force of the elements of the ocean or were sheltered behind mouths of rivers and creeks with problems of entry and exit created by shifting channels and sand bars. The coastline was generally flat and sandy with the exception of its northernmost parts, where it is somewhat undulating and less sandy. There were no soundings to help incoming ships outside half a degree from the coastline, a situation that contrasts with the eastern shores of the Bay of Bengal which had soundings 4 degrees from the coast. The northernmost port of Coromandel with some significance in coastal and oceanic trade in our period is Ganjam, situated at latitude. 190 22 N, longitude 850 3, at the mouth of river Rushikulya. It is better known in the records in the eighteenth century than it is in the seventeenth, but this may be because of increasing European interest in it. Ganjam was typical of the river mouth ports of Coromandel, with shifting sand banks and narrow channels. The banks were of sufficient depth to allow country vessels through and the river was navigable for some distance inland, being of considerable size. The surf was heavy and large vessels anchored on the roadstead. They were reached by the many local boats that operated from the river. The port derived its strength from the fertile Rushikulya valley, from where and from neighbouring Orissa rice was transported there for export. It was an important port in the coastal trade southwards to Madras, Paleacat and other places where rice was in demand. In the eighteenth century, as the south became an area deficit in food grains, Ganjam became the starting point of a provisions lifeline to these places. Ganjam was also proximate to textile producing centres. There is no evidence that it was prominent in the oceanic trade in our period, but appears rather to have been a feeder port to some of the neighbouring export centres of Golconda.  [3]   About twelve miles south of Ganjam is the port of Gopalpur, a port not of any great significance in our period, though it grew in importance in the nineteenth century. It does not find a mention in the contemporary travellers accounts, nor does it feature in the trade of the companies. In the nineteenth century it seems to have been looked upon as the principal port of the Ganjam district and to have become prominent in the export trade in rice, probably drawing trade away from Ganjam port. About twelve miles south of Gopalpur is the port of Sonapur, about which little is known, though there are enough hints of its undoubted commercial activities. There was a tradition related by merchants of Sonapur late in the eighteenth century that, because of a caste disputes among merchants at Ganjam, komatties decided to leave that port and settle in Sonapur. The shift seems also to have been caused by the need to escape oppressive taxation at Ganjam. Near it inland was the important market to wn of Berhampur. It appears that there were some major suppliers of textiles among these merchants, from which it could be inferred that the port was a fedder of export piece goods to other larger ports in the area  [4]  . The next port in the south of any significance was Kalingapatnam at the entrance to the Vamsadhara river, known to contemporaries as the Kalingapatnam river. It was an open roadstead, protected on the south by a sandy point and some rocks, and provided safe anchorage. It is referred to occasionally in contemporary records, but little is known of its trade except that it drew on the rich rice growing and textile producing hinterland. About fourteen miles south of Kalingapatnam, on the Langulya river, is the town of Srikakulam known among the contemporary Europeans as Chicacole. It was situated about four miles upstream on its northern bank. Its port of outlet was Mufaz Bandar at the mouth of the river. Srikakulam was a district administrative capital under the Golconda kingdom and later under the Mughal empire. It was an important market for the supply of textiles from several weaving villages all around. Over time, however, the entrance to the river Langulya got choked and the port w as not functional any more. There is evidence that this was happening in our period, since much of the cloth of Srikakulam was being transported by land northwards to Kalingapatnam or southwards to Bimilipatnam. A prosperous hinterland based on a surplus of rice cultivation and craft production with the primary emphasis on textiles mark to some of the ports like Kalinga Putnam. The rich land was very conducive for rice cultivation and the prosperity of this agricultural base led to diversification into production of cotton and textile production. With the increase of time, many of the weavers who worked part-time due to the uncertain nature of demand became full-time weavers and and did not participate in agriculture. This shift in patterns of production was mainly due to the development of the port over the centuries. Bimilipatnam, situated on latitude 170 53 N, longitude 830 27 E, was an important trading port in our period. It was more important than the major modern port of Visakhapatnam, which lies about fifteen miles to its south. The coastline between Bimilipatnam and Kalingapatnam is dangerous and inhospitable, with a submerged ledge of rocks within six miles of the shore. Nor did the hinterland provide opportunities for trade. Bimilipatnam, port, though an open roadstead was reasonably well protected by headlands and provided safe anchorage in both south-west and north-east monsoons, being thus one of the well weather ports of this coast. It was therefore the resort of a large native shipping fleet, both the small coasting vessels and the large ships that sailed to Bengal and across the Bay of South East Asia. It was above all the chief rice exporting port of this coast, the main supplier by sea to South Coromandel, Ceylon and the Malabar Coast. The Dutch physician, Daniel Havart, who live d for many years in Paleacat, called it a rice bowl for Ceylon and other ports. The large East Indiamen of the European Companies would resort here to pick up food supplies before sailing on long journeys. Dutch ships sailing from Masulipatnam to Malacca and Batavia called here on the way to stock up rice, meat and other foodstuffs for the journey. It was also a port for the export of textiles to South East Asia  [5]  . Among the small ports listed on the eastern coast was Visakhapatnam as it was only rudimentary stages of development, though it had very good natural harbour that was only waiting to be developed. To the south of Bililipatnam was Visakhapatnam, which as noted above, had not yet achieved its subsequent importance. Situated on latitude 170 42 N, longitude 830 17 E, it was recognized as a port with natural advantages. It lay on a river which was barred at the entrance but, with eight to ten feet at the shallowest, was capable of admitting boats and ships of some size. There were a number of recognizable landmarks in approaching this port. While considerable interest has been paid to trade, not much focus has been levied on shipbuilding and by extension the repairs of ships in the eastern coast of India, whereas the western coast traditionally hand been engaged in shipbuilding activities to cater to the Arabian African demand. It is in this respect that we see the race of Visakhapatnam a s a new port endowed with facility for both trade and shipbuilding. The convenience of the river le to the construction here of some dockyards, even in our period, for repairing ships, though the port was not yet the major centre of ship building on the coast. These facilities attracted European shipping increasingly to this port in the eighteenth century, when it began to grow in importance. Proceeding southwards from Visakhapatnam, the next point of interest on the coast is Coringa Bay and a number of points in it within close proximity to each other: Coringa, Kakinada, Ingeram, Bandarmalanka, Yanam, and Jagannathpuram. There is evidence of all these ports being in the use in varying degrees at various times. Yanam, Ingeram and Jagannathpuram are on branches of the Godavari river in its delta area and were approachable in small boats and country vessels which good brought goods through to ships anchored in the Bay. At the bar of these rivers the water was shallow and no vessels of any substantial size could get through. These ports do not feature prominently in the seventeenth century, though it is possible they were mainly places of indigenous trade. In the eighteenth century they were frequented by Europeans looking for supplies of textiles in the region. The English shipped goods from Ingeram, the French from Yanam and the Dutch from Jagannathpuram. The Dutch were qu ite enthusiastic about Jagannathpuram later in the eighteenth century, referring to it as a good port and convenient place to ships goods. In fact by the end of the eighteenth century, when Dutch fortunes on the Coromandel Coast had sunk low in the face of English expansion, this was one of two places they were keen to retain for their trade  [6]  . The rise of Jagannathpuram is an instance of the constant dynamism in the status and activities of ports along the coast caused by a variety of internal and external factors. To the south of this cluster of ports of the Godavari delta, on the west branch of this river, the Vasishta Godavari, also called Narsapore river, is the town of Narsapore with its port and docks. On the bar of this river was eight to nine feet of water at low tide, and inside the river, in the passage to the town, was three to five fathoms of water. The town is about six miles from the river mouth and could be entered by every type of vessel that was then in use. Adjoining Narsapore is the town of Madapollam, almost a suburb of Narsapore. Both these places, especially Nasarpore, were ship building centres, with excellently appointed dockyards for building, sheathing and caulking ships. Ships were built here for the Golconda royal merchant fleet, for native merchants and even for the companies and European free merchants. Bowery refers to a ship built in his time in Narsapore for the king of Golconda of 1000 tuns. European ships made use of these facilities in the seventeenth and ear ly eighteenth centuries and had vessels for their Asian trade built here. Ship building timber was shipped down river from the upper reaches of the Godavari river. The iron and steel foundries of the upper Godavari provided the raw materials for nails, couplings and anchors. Ropers and cordage were made there from coir imported from Ceylon, Malabar and the Maldives. The English and Dutch set up their own dockyards, employing their own personnel after some years . The Dutch, in particular, set about it with their customary thoroughness, bringing master carpenters, shipwrights and iron founders from the Netherlands and employing a large Indian skilled and unskilled labour force  [7]  . All the places did not develop based only on purely commercial considerations like trade, as we see that there are also many other considerations like good weather and fresh and clean air that captivated the British. This is more important for them when they needed to take a rest from places nearby. The two places were therefore not so significant as ports of trade, though there was some export of textiles from the neighbouring weaving villages, as for their ship building and repairing docks. They also had a reputation among Europeans for their clear fresh air, and company servants living in Masulipatnam (which was notoriously unhealthy) used to treat them as health resorts and have country residences there to which they would often retire. By the beginning of the eighteenth century the decline of these two river ports as centres of commerce and ship building had started. Madapollam was abandoned earlier because of the encroachment of the Godavari. The decline of Narsapore was more gradual, partly caused by the disturbed hinterland in which the raw materials for ship building were derived and partly by the rise of European controlled ports where dockyards and repair facilities were established. Masulipatna, situated on latitude 160 9 N, longitude 810 10 E, was the port with the great publicity on the Coromandel coast in the seventeenth country, largely because of its high visibility to those who have left behind contemporary records, though Orme refers to a tradition that this town was founded by a colony of Arabs in the 14th century.  [8]  Fernandez Naverett who visited Masulipatam in 1670, describes it as a populous place of great trade, and John Fryer estimates the population of Masulipatam at the close of the 17th century at two lakhs.  [9]  Besides natives it was also attracted a large numbers of foreign traders from different parts of the world. The city developed separate localities of different ethnic groups such as the French Peta, the English Palem and Holland Palem. By the end of the 17th century the port and city of Masulipatam had developed considerably on account of their flourishing textile industries and growing inland maritime trade.  [10]  The port had links with the ocean trade of Gujrat and the Persian Gulf and also with the South-East Asian countries. A large number of merchants who came from different parts of Golconda were a great market for the goods imported through Masulipatam. In the constant battle between man and nature and the role of man to master nature always leads to suppresses and in the case of instance of Masulipatam we see that the destruction that took place in the aftermath of the great cyclone would however be rectified by human effort. Many ports and declined or were totally neglected. However, the enterprise of the British and the resettlement of the traders saw the revival of Masulipatam. The port city of Masulipatam continued to grow and expand till it witnessed a devasting cyclone on 13 October 1779, which destroyed and damaged a great part of the citys houses, bridges and other buildings, besides the Dutch and English settlements. In addition to the loss of human life on the shore, several ships and boats sank during this cyclone. It was estimated that in Masulipatam and in the villages in its hinterland about 20, 000 people perished. However, soon afterwards, the wealthy merchants as well as the European factors reconstructed their establishments, and the inland and overseas trade of the port city revived.  [11]   About twelve miles to the south of Masulipatnam is Point Devy, and further to the south the Krishna flows into the ocean in many branches forming a promontory, crisscrossed by streams, rivulets and flood channels. Because this promontory was cut off from the mainland for most of the year by these rivulets, it was known to contemporaries as Devy Island. It was not a suitable place for a harbour or any form of outlet of trade, but it was extremely fertile on account of the alluvial deposits of the Krishna. The land there was well cultivated as well densely wooded, abounding in wild buffaloes and game. These features made it a great attraction to the larger European Companies facing provisioning problems. The Dutch first saw the potential of this place and made several attempts to get a grant of the island, first from the ruler of Golconda and then from the Mughals. They were more than once at the point of success but the cession was not confirmed because of the lucrative revenues the l and produced to local lessees. The Dutch had grand plants to shift their trade from Masulipatnam to Devy, where they were going to construct port facilities, deepen the channel to take vessels of some size and attempt to develop inland navigation to the weaving villages. The place had the advantage of being defensible from attacks from the mainland, and would have made them independent of the hinterland power. With the decline of the port of Masulipatnam the English also had the same idea, and when Sir William Norris went on his embassy to the Mughal court in 1699 one of his requests was for a cession of Devy to the English. The concession was not given and the English sought to achieve it later in the eighteenth century, always without success. If Devy had been conceded, either to the Dutch, or to the English, there is no doubt that an effective port of outlet could have been established there, a feature that would have been consistent with the dynamics of growth and development of ports and commercial centres in Coromandel. South of Devy Point is the port and town of Petapuli, lying on the estuary of a river. It was quite a substantial place of trade and traffic, situated close to a cluster of weaving villages. From the end of the seventeenth century the port was called Nizampatnam, a name it has retained since. The port was by all accounts good by contemporary standards, the river providing entry for vessels of up to 100 tons. Streynsham Master, when he visited this area in 1766, observed several vessels of 50 to 100 tons in the river. It was a port with a considerable country trade, besides providing goods for export for the oceanic trade. It was the home of a number of wealthy Telugu Hindu merchants). South of Nizampatnam, for some considerable distance, there are no major ports. There are some minor ports such as Motupally, Cottapatnam and Ramapatnam, which were shipping piece goods in small vessels to the larger ports of the north and the south. There is a suggestion that Cottapatnam, lying on the estuary of a river, was at one time a port of some importance. There was a tradition there, that after a quarrel between balijas and komatties in an adjoining port, the komatties migrated in a body to Cottapatnam and established their trade there. Likewise an early seventieth century European account talks of Motupally as formerly a famous mart and seat of extensive trade. So there seems to have been some shifting around of trade outlets in this area. The mouth of the Gundlakamma river, lying at latitude 150 27 N, is generally held to mark the northern boundary of the Coromandel Coast proper  [12]  . On the border between the district of Ongole and Nellore, at the mouth of the Menneru, on its right bank, is a port referred to in contemporary records as Karedu. This port appears to have been of some importance in the seventieth century, being linked directly by road to the capital city of Golconda. The bar of the river was always open to let in vessels of medium size. Customs duties were considerably lower here than in Masulipatnam, and merchants were importing and exporting goods here in some quantity. It must have been a port of some importance at one time and it is possible that it was one of the ancient ports of trade in Andhra. In Masters time it had already declined to it significance. South of Cottapatnam up to Palecacat, the only ports of any description are Kistnapatnam and Arumugam, the latter known to contemporary Europeans as Armagaon. This port is located on the eastern coast in the taluk of Gudur of Andhra Pradesh. Once, itwas a flourishing port centre stated by the Chola and Telugu Chola inscriptions. The port was referred to in the inscriptions as Kollitturai alias Kanda GopalaPattinam. Probably it could be named after the Telugu Chola king ViraRajendran dated in 1256-57 A.D. this port was engaged by the foreigners of various countries (pandine} bhumisamashaparadesigal and merchants. It also records that various types of vessels and boats were anchored in this port.They were referred to in the inscriptions as kalam, tonuru, tuli, kalavam, vidavu etc. Kalam is identical with kalam (small boat) mentioned in the Tamil literature and to}Uru probably identical with Tamil Toni. It has two words Toni+ Uru which ultimately became Tonuru. Uru is also a small vesse l used both for inland and coastal navigation for boarding a ship, loading a ship and fishing in the coastal areas in addition to their use in the rivers as ferry boats. It is not clear to give the meaning of tuli, kalavam and vidavu.During Irumadi Tirukkalattudevar (1279 A.D.) time, the merchants of various countries residing in this port donatedone fourth percent on the appraised cost of all he goods exported and imported at this port. During Vijayanagara period the port was renamed as Rajavibhadan Pattinam. About thirty-five miles south of Arumugam was the port of Paleacat on latitude 130 26N, longitude 800 20 E. In common with many other ports of the region it had no natural merit as a port, though contemporaries considered it better than Madras. The coast was shallow and there was a dangerous reef offshore, which larger ships of a later period were instructed to avoid. The main port was on the southern end of an island formed by the sea, and a lagoon or backwater called Paleacat Lake. A river flowed into the sear by the side of it but the bar was not deep enough to admit vessels of more than 50 tons. The island was called Sriharikota and a spit of sand separated it from the mainland. Ships anchored about a mile from the shore and had to be loaded and unloaded in small boats of the masoola type which were beached on the shore. Paleacat was an important port of Indian shipping dating back well before the seventeenth century, featuring prominently in the trade to South East Asia. Its hin terland, Poneritaluq, had several villages engaged in handloom manufacture, and Paleacat was the port of outlet for these goods. When the Dutch secured considerable rights and privileges here, they began to dominate the trade. They erected a fort, Fort Geldria, at the point where the river flowed into the sea, and dredged some of the sandbanks to enable the use of the river and the backwaters for transport in small boats. There were villages all round the port, some of which were ceded to the Dutch. They brought all these villages into the service of the port and developed the complex, by the end of the seventeenth century, into a substantial port town. The shifting of the river estuary, the sandbanks and coastal erosion appear to have made Paleacat less functional as a port in the eighteenth century. Outside the Dutch fort was a section of the port where Indian owned ships plied their trade. But they had to submit themselves to Dutch restrictive controls and appear to have moved ou t of Paleacat to other Coromandel ports. Under the Dutch, Paleacat was drawn in to the Dutch-Asian trading system and established close shipping links with important Dutch centres of trade such as Malacca, Colombo and Batavia. In the eighteenth century, in addition to climatic factors, political and economic events led to the decline of the port. In the nineteenth century Paleacat disappeared as a trading port and was not in use even in the coastal trade  [13]  . About twenty-five miles south of Paleacat is Fort St. George or Madras (originally Chennapatanam, situated on latitude 130 5 N, longitude 800 18 E. Generally recognized as among the worst harbours of the region in terms of physical situation, it has futures that were positively dangerous to shipping. It was not a place to which local shipping had restored before the foundation of the English settlement. Its precise origins are not clear but it appears that a town had been founded there a few years prior to its cession to the English. Whatever the origins, it is clear that the place was no more than a few fishing settlements when the English arrived there. The ruler though this a means to achieve his ambition of developing a commercial centre in his dominions. This proved eminently successful, though not in the way conceived by the ruler. Madras grew as yet another port along the coast with an open roadstead. In the beginning it was primarily used by English shipping. It later attract ed indigenous Indian shipping, though Madras in our period never became the home of a large Indian merchant fleet. Four miles south of Fort St. George is the port of San Thome, built by the Portuguese as a fort and town near the older Tamil port of Mylapore. Mylapore occurs as a port of significance in the trade to South East Asia, long before the Portuguese came to San Thome. After they settled there and built the fort, the better to control the trade and derive some tribute from it. Mylapore and San Thome seem to have functioned as an extended port, inland market and manufacturing town. Mylapore had settlements of weavers producing for an export market. The port was an open roadstead, much the same as Madras, though the rivulet of Adayar and the backwaters may have provided some facility for small boat traffic. The St. Thomas Mount rising just behind the port was visible from out at sea and was a good sounding point of sailors. Despite Portuguese presence, possibly because of it, Indian shipping continued unaffected by the English settlement of Madras. Like Madras, it drew from the Chingleput h interland for its textile exports and imported goods for that market. About seventeen miles to the south of Madras was Kovalam, which appears to have been use as a port of outlet at certain times. It never really grew to any importance, despite efforts by the rulers of the hinterland to achieve this in the eighteenth century. The obvious attractions of revenue from customs due on imports and exports persuaded the regional officers of the nawab of Arcot to foster the growth of this port and to initiate the construction of a town ship called Sadat Bandar. There is evidence that shipping was attracted to the port in the first decades of the eighteenth century. The Ostend East India Company was given permission by the nawab to establish a factory there with trading concessions. The company folded up and Kovalam never developed a trade of any consequence  [14]  . South of Kovalam, past Mahabalipuram and the so called Seven Pagodas, was the port of Sadurangapatnam, lying at latitude 120 32 N, longitude 800 10 E. It was an important port of oceanic trade in the seventeenth century, known to the Europeans as Sadraspatnam or Sadras. Though without a river, there was an outstretched headland that provided some protection to ships which could lie close to the coast. The temples Mahabalipuram just seven miles to the north were a good sounding point for ships sailing into this port. The port derived its strength from a well populated hinterland, with numerous weavers villages and with good access to internal markets by road. Indian shippers carried on an import and export trade from here across the Bay of Bengal. Its importance persuaded the Dutch to take the port and neighbouring village in lease in 1705, after which native shipping seemed to have moved elsewhere. The coastline south of Sadraspatnam was in our period a busy area of trade and traffic. It was littered with a number of ports situated within a few miles of each o

The Effects Of Rap On Inner Cities Essay -- essays research papers fc

Thesis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Do you believe that one’s words can reflect on a certain person’s action? Today, Rap has become the most popular type of music in the US. The Rap industry is dominated by artists’ who mostly dedicate their lyrics to either violence, drugs, or sex. Through 1998 and 1999 the survey taken by the National Music Bureau, stated that 46% of the listeners of Rap are under the age of 19. While 65% of the listeners, live in run-down homes, or impoverished areas, usually being inner cities. The National Music Bureau also reported that in the 66% of the listeners of Rap who are under the age of 19, 86% of those teen-agers are black. Along with that fact, many of the artists sing about their ghettos, and their past ways of life, which included, drugs, sex, murder, and alcohol. The listeners of rap living in run down areas in the inner cities see themselves in the same situation as many of the rap artists’, and duplicate what they hear. So although a person may be responsible for his or her action, rap music dramatically affects the lives of America’s inner cities and slums. In this day and age, of the biggest problems in America has become teen pregnancy. 68% of 18-year old have had sexual intercourse, while half of 17-year old have had sexual intercourse. To add to that, 6 in 10 girls between the ages of 18-19 become pregnant. While pregnancy rates among teens continue to rise, rappers continue to rap and call themselves â€Å"Playa’s† and rap about their, â€Å"bitches,† and sexual encounters. In a song titled â€Å"The B.I.G† Notorious B.I.G AKA Biggie Smalls says â€Å"Please don’t shoot up your guns, ‘cause one of these ladies will be havin’ my baby.† Of the 66% of the listeners of rap, who are under the age of 19, 26% of them are women. Biggie is promoting sexual activity, and a bad message is being sent out to all women. Another important fact is that every year 3 million teens; about 1 in 4 sexually experienced teens acquire a Sexually Transmitted Disease (S.T.D). Another rapper, â€Å"Mast a’ Pimp† begins each song by saying â€Å"Pimpin’ Aint Easy!† In a song by Masta’ Pimp titled â€Å"The Way of Life,† Masta’ Pimp says â€Å"From the ghetto to where all my hooches at, I’ll ride for life, f$%# da condoms, ‘cause I’ll f$%@ all da’ bitches for life.† While Masta’ Pimp talks about his â€Å"hooches† in his ghetto, 60% of sexually active teens between the ages 15-19 ... ...n the cities of New York, Chicago, Washington DC, Los Angeles, Las Vegas, and Detroit. Also, in 37% of violent crimes committed in inner cities, the offender was high on some sort of drug, usually being marijuana. The bureau also stated proved that in 20% of un-planned pregnancies, one of the participants was intoxicated. And, 92% of the time the baby came out with a deformity. When researching what kind of affect rap has on America’s inner-cities, there is only one conclusion to come to. Yes, many people may say that people should be able to take responsibility for their own actions, but the statistics, and the eye-witness encounters has proven that rap does have a negative affect on America’s inner-cities. Works Cited 1) Bureau of Justice Statistics 2) http://www.ojp.udoj.gov/bjs/cvcivtgen.htm – Criminal Victimization 3) Facts in Brief: Teen Sex and Peganancy http://www.agi-usa.org/pubs/fb _ teen_ sex.html 4) Encarta 98 Encyclopedia 5) Groilers Encyclopedia 6) Violent Crimes: Drugs and Alcohol http://www.rom.pubs/atest/org.html 7) The Official Website of The Music Television http://www.mtv.com 8) The National Bureau of Music Distribution http://www.nbmd.musc.org.html

Materialism in The Dharma Bums and Goodbye, Columbus :: Dharma Bums Essays

Materialism in The Dharma Bums and Goodbye, Columbus    Several works we have read thus far have criticized the prosperity of American suburbia. Jack Kerouac's The Dharma Bums, Philip Roth's Goodbye, Columbus, and an excerpt from Lawrence Ferlinghetti's poem "A Coney Island of the Mind" all pass judgement on the denizens of the middle-class and the materialism in which they surround themselves. However, each work does not make the same analysis, as the stories are told from different viewpoints. The Dharma Bums and "A Coney Island of the Mind" are critiques of materialism by people who have rejected the middle-class ideals. In Goodbye, Columbus, however, Roth makes his point via Neil, a dweller of the lower class who wants to join the prosperous rank of the Patimkin family. The difference is that Kerouac and Ferlinghetti mock the suburbanites, yet pay them little attention while several characters in Goodbye, Columbus are disdainful of the materialism exuded by the Patimkins while feeling excluded from their social class. In The Dharma Bums, Kerouac strengthens his argument for the Zen ideal of poverty and freedom by this criticism of the conformity practiced by the middle-class: ...you'll see if you take a walk some night on a suburban street and pass house after house on both sides of the street each with the lamplight of the living room, shining golden, and inside the little blue square of the television, each living family riveting its attention probably on one show; nobody talking; silence in the yards; dogs barking at you because you pass on human feet instead of wheels. You'll see what I mean, when it begins to appear like everybody in the world is soon going to be thinking the same way and the Zen Lunatics have long joined dust, laughter on their dust lips. (104) Kerouac's point is that freedom doesn't exist in a place where everyone is watching the same thing and thinking the same thing at the same time. Kerouac also reflects on the futile trap of materialism. Japhy discusses "all that crap they didn't really want anyway such as refrigerators, TV sets, cars, at least fancy new cars, certain hair oils and deodorants and general junk you finally always see a week later in the garbage anyway, all of them imprisoned in a system of work, produce, consume, work, produce, consume.

Social Work Environment :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I live in Hamilton County of Cincinnati, Ohio. I am originally from Toledo, Ohio, but decided to attend the University of Cincinnati (UC). There are currently more than 500 degree programs available at UC. UC runs year round quarters; there are three ten week quarters (September until June), and one ten week summer quarter (June until September). The student to faculty ratio is 19:1, based on a full-time equivalent. As of fall, there were 33,342 total students; 26,054 undergraduates and 7,288 graduate and professional students. There were 3,904 African American students and 1,556 international students. I live in a residence hall (aka  ¡Ã‚ °dorm ¡Ã‚ ±). I live on the seventh floor of Calhoun Residence Hall. It is located on 240 Calhoun St. directly across from all the fast food franchises, significantly Arby ¡Ã‚ ¯s. There are four other normal dormitories: Siddall, Daniels, Dabney, and Sawyer. There are two residence halls that are especially for graduate students, and international students. Calhoun is located directly across from Siddall. The other six residence halls are located on the other side of West campus mainly located on Jefferson Avenue. There is a new residence hall consisting of six different buildings being built for next year. It will be called Jefferson hall and only upper classmen will be permitted to live in it. It will be suite-style, meaning there will be a full bathroom and living area within each room. Calhoun is thirteen floors; one floor is a study lounge, and the remaining twelve are resident floors. Since Calhoun is co-ed by floor this year, there ar e eight floors of men and four floors of women. I live on the seventh floor and I share my room with one other woman. In my room, there are two beds (which are bunked), a refrigerator, two closets, two dressers, and two desks. On each floor, there is a small kitchen area. In the kitchen, there is a stove/oven, sink, drinking fountain, small table, and a microwave. There is a bathroom on each floor in which only the sex of that certain floor are permitted inside. In each bathroom, there are four toilet stalls, ten shower stalls (which are individual), and eight sinks. In addition, on each floor of Calhoun, there is one single room. In this room lives only one individual, however, the cost of that room is $300 more per year than the cost of the double rooms.

Martin Delaney Essay

Martin Delany was born in West Virginia a free man, the son of Pati and Samuel Delany. He was considered free because his Mother Pati was a free women. In his growing years he and his siblings were taught to read using the New York primer to learn to read. To keep from being arrested his mother moved the children to Pennsylvania a free state. He did have to leave school occasionally to help on the family farm but eventually he did migrate to Pittsburgh where he became a barber and laboroer to support himself.- In 1834 Delany met and married Catherine Richard with whom he married Catherine Richards and they had 11 children that all survived to adulthood. During the national choldera epidemic in 1833, Delany became apprenticed to Dr. AndrewN. McDowell, where he learned contemporary techniques of fire cupping and leeching then condidered the primary techniques to treat. He continued to study under the mentorship of Dr. McDowell and other abolisionist doctors, such as Dr F. Julius LeMoyn e and Dr. Joseph P. Gazzam of Pittsburgh. Delany became more active in political matters. In 1835 he attended his first National men of color convention, held in Philadelphia since 1831. He was inspired to conceive a plan to set up a ‘Black Israel’ on the east coast of Africa. He also became involved in the temperance movement and organizations caring for fugitive slaves who had escaped to Pennsylvania, a free state. While Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison were in Pittsburgh in 1847 on an anti-slavery tour, they met with Delany. Together the men conceived the newspaper that became the North Star. It was first published later that year in Rochester, New York. The business was handled by Douglass, while Delany traveled to lecture, report, and obtain subscriptions. During these travels, he was frequently confronted by mobs opposing his views, sometimes violently. While living in Pittsburgh, Delany studied the basics of medicine under doctors and maintained his own cupping and leeching practice. In 1849 he began to study more seriously to prepare to apply to medical school. In 1850 he failed to be accepted to several institutions before being accepted at Harvard Medical school, after presenting letters of support from seventeen physicians. He was one of the first three black men to be admitted there. Following the war, Delany continued to be politically active. He worked to help black cotton farmers improve their business and negotiating skills to get a better price for their product. He also argued against blacks, when he saw fit, however. He opposed the vice presidential candidate of J. J. Wright because he was too inexperienced, and also opposed the candidacy of a black man for the mayor of Charlston, SC. In the later 1870s, the gains of the Reconstruction period began to be pushed back by more conservative elements. White Democrats replaced Delany in office. Parlimentary groups such as the Red Shirts suppressed black voting in South Carolina, especially in the upland counties. In reaction to whites’ regaining power and the suppression of black voting, Charleston -based blacks started planning again for emigration to Africa. In 1877, they formed ‘Liberia Exodus Joint Stock Steamship Company’, with Delany as chairman of the finance committee. A year later, the company purchased a ship – the Azor – for the voyage. Delany worked as president of the board to organize the voyage. In 1880, he withdrew from the project to serve his family. Two of his children were students at Wilberforce College and required money for tuition fees. His wife had been working as a seamstress to make ends meet. Delany began practicing medicine again in Charleston. On 24 January 1885, he died of tuberculosis in Wilberforce, Ohio.

Strategic Plan of Shangri-La Hotel

Table of Contents 1. 0Introduction2 2. 0strategic computer program3 3. 0Describe perpetration countryment, strategic goals and collective strategies for a hotel4 3. 1 thrill Statement4 3. 2 strategical Goals6 3. 3 in bodied Strategies7 3. 3. 1 paradise caution 1 enlightenment hospitality from sympathize with People9 3. 3. 2enlightenment Cargon 2 Delighting Customers9 3. 3. 3 nirvana C argon 3 recur to Gain Loyalty9 3. 3. 4enlightenment pull off 4 work Ownership10 4. 0 lift map for the heaven Hotel11 5. 0Conclusion14 6. 0Reference15 1. 0 Introduction Our chemical free radical give way elect Shangri La as our topic of interchange for our report writing.Shangri La is a cooperation that has a lot of hotels and indemnifys in the whole entire world. The name of Shangri La was actu e precise(prenominal) last(predicate)y from a novel published in 1933 named, upset Horizon written by throng Hilton. In present days, the name Shangri La has contract famous in the world broad( a). In 1971, Shangri La has its own deluxe hotel in Singapore. After that, Shangri La had grew into a considerable cooperation which own 72 hotels and amends in distinguishable countries, such as, Asia nonaggressive, North America, the Middle East, atomic number 63 and yet Shangri La is cast to pullulate much hotels in several(predicate) countries.Besides that, Shangri La has two Asias most reputable recreational clubs, that is, the Aberdeen Marina Club in Hong Kong, and the Xili golf and Country Club in Shenzhen. Further much(prenominal), Shangri Las always follow Asiatic cordial reception as their unique cordial reception to treat their guest. In order to repugn with other hotels and resorts, Shangri La had emphasized on hospitality towards their guest. The main thing that chafes Shangri La being successful and being diverse from the other hotels and resorts is digesting gamey direct of Asian standards of hospitality and c be for populate.Therefore, Shan gri La hotels and resorts give c atomic number 18 for each and any client. They go forth come across sure that each node volition satisfied with their dress. Shangri La search for trendsetters and professionals to dispense their customer and to pass on the goal, that is, to make sure only(prenominal) customer has enormous date once they impediment in the hotels and resorts. Strategic cooking is comminuted to teleph virtuoso(a) line success. Different from classic individualised line of credit mean, the strategic variety involves vision, thrill and kayoedside-of-the-box thinking.Strategic intentionning describes where you requirement your come with to go, non studyfully how youre going to get thither. However, like in every other travel plans, with step forward knowing where you necessity to go, creating details on how to arrive argon meaningless. Strategic planning defines the where that your company is heading. In order for a credit line to be succ essful, there necessitate to be a roadmap for success. A strategic plan helps to furnish direction and focus for all employees. It points to unique(predicate) results that are to be acquired and generatees a take of action for achieving them.A strategic plan as rise helps the various work units within an makeup to align themselves with common goals. Building a strategic plan is not difficult. It will take few thought and somewhat feedback from customers and others, troublesomely bloodes should be r bring byinely garnering feedback from take over constituent assemblys on an on-going basis. The process of maturation a strategic plan should be rewarding for all involved and commonly helps widen immobileer communications between members of the planning team. Once tallly-developed, the key to making the plan work is a inscription to visual perception it finished and sound implementation.Many businesses hand developed strategic plans only to put them on a shel f to gather dust. Managers hire a knock-down(prenominal)-developed strategic plan in order to effectively comprise expectations for their employees. Without a plan, expectations are developed in a void and there is little or no alignment with common goals. A corking strategic plan looks out 2 to 5 years and describes intelligibly how the business will grow and brandish over that planning horizon. 2. 0 Strategic Plan 3. 0 Describe burster pronouncement, strategic goals and corporate strategies for a hotel 4. burster Statement In 2010, paradise Hotels and Resorts had to a biger extent than seventy hotels and 40,000 employees, with a vision to retell within five-spot years, all piece maintaining their unique culture of high feel feel for and hospitality. In recent years, the hotel arrange has won almost e actually(prenominal) spheric award, including Asias dress hat hotel brand for business and vacation, outdo luxuriousness hotel string (Asia Money), beat out business hotel brand in Asia pacific (Business Traveler) and top five opera hat abroad hotel (Observer and Guardian) (Marquardt 2011). heaven has a powerful vision for its employees as well as its guests. Employee learning and ripening is an integral role in promised land and is part of the companys guardianship, which states that its stimulate includes enabling all employees to achieve their private and professional growth. Eng Leong Tan, Director for HR notes, We desire to be the first choice employer among hospitality workers. We are committed to providing an surroundings in which employees can learn and grow.It is not generous just to pay well and mountain pass close benefits. Growth opportunities are evenly grievous, especially to younger employees (Marquardt 2011). nirvanas hotel mission statement we envision a community of responsible and educated citizens who are surroundally conscious, practice social right in their daily lives and inspire others to do th e same. We commit to operating in an economically, socially and surroundally responsible manner whilst balance the interest of diverse stakeholders (Lincoln 2007).We strive to be a leader in corporate citizenship and sustainable training, caring for our employees and customers, exploreing to meliorate the caliber of life for the communities in which we do business and serving as tidy stewards of society and the environs ( nirvana Asia Limited 2010). To carry our guests every succession by creating benignant looks straight from our hearts. Again the same, they requirement to charm their quests, entirely as there is a low traffic of guests, it is egotism explanatory that they are not fulfilling the call for of their guests.According to their mission they compliments to differentiate them with others by providing the guests a feeling of home and interacting but for that they need customers, without that they cant do anything (Kumar Swain 2011). 4. 2 Strategic Goals pr omised land Hotel is a facility of service which stand places to uphold for customers virtually the world. It is known as a hotel or a resort for consumers to relax oreven have avacation atthe hotel. Shangri-La Hotel is amuch known hotel in Singaporebecause it was founded there itself-importance. Shangri-La Hotel has nominated a hotel for business traveler.Therefore, it has made another bearing of business in its circumspection. With these fags, the company has be to be the worlds best finest hotel in focus and services. This hotel has in any case been primed(p) in Malaysia itself, which have also accommodate a finest hotel for business travelers and also travelers slightly the world and locally. Therefore, with these achievements, we have decided to make a research about the company itself and prove of its facility that satisfies us as a customer (Shangri-La International Hotel prudence Ltd. 2012).Great hotels are made by great employees, not by crystal chandeliers o r expensive carpets. This strongly held belief at Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts translates to a firm lading to employee development. Such dedication will be increasingly key as the companys workforce grows from 37,000 to nearly 60,000 by 2013 (Shangri-La International Hotel counseling Ltd. 2012). The process begins with over careful selection ply are leased for attitude, trained for skills providing a fertile groundwork for the Shangri-La philosophies to be embraced.Shangri-La then invests heavily in training perhaps more than than than any other hotel group with intensive, on-going coaching for all cater at 68 hotels and resorts. The group then retains its high caliber supply by creating an environs whereby employees may achieve their personal and move goals. Shangri-La has one of the lowest cater turnover rate in the persistence (Shangri-La International Hotel Management Ltd. 2012). 4. 3 corporeal Strategies Shangri-La cathexis the groups defining feature is its exceptional and unattackable hospitality, as delineate by its philosophy Shangri-La hospitality from caring the great unwashed.All staff undergoes the Shangri-La cope training create mentally within six months of joining the group. The pedigree of instruction is designed to develop a unchanging Shangri-La style of service to impart a superior guest experience and build brand faithfulness. Respect, courtesy, sincerity, helpfulness and lowliness are all core determine of the training. Under the umbrella theme Shangri-La superintend the Shangri-La Way the computer platform is divided into four mental facultys Shangri-La tutelage 1 Shangri-La hospitality from caring people, Shangri-La Care 2 Delighting customers, Shangri-La Care 3 incur to gain committal and Shangri-La Care 4 Taking willpower. The four mental facultys of Shangri-La Care focus on the groups mission Delighting customers each and every sequence, part of Shangri-Las point principles (MohdRiza l 2007). Shangri-La Care is a life history culture within the group, strongly support by top management and constantly cascaded with the organization. All hotels are postulate to allocate a peculiar(prenominal) figure for people training and development and the hotels public managers are responsible for ensuring the all the al rigid property are spent year aft(prenominal) year.Below is Shangri-La Care Modules that line out what service personnel do and how to serve their customers should best (Shangri-La International Hotel Management Ltd. 2012). 4. 4. 1 Shangri-La Care 1 Shangri-La Hospitality from feel for People commencement ceremony of all, addresses how to make the guests feel special and important by focusing on the five core value of Shangri-La Hospitality Respect, Humility, Courtesy, Helpfulness and Sincerity. It also imbuesthe value of overcharge without Arrogance as the service authentication (MohdRizal 2007). . 4. 2 Shangri-La Care 2 Delighting Customers Focuse s on the importance of guest loyalty and how it can only be achieved by delighting the guests not just the first time but every single time. Employees must(prenominal)(prenominal) be guest obsessed, doing more for guests by going the extra mile, being pliable and neversaying no, anticipating and responding quickly, and recognizing the guests individual demand (MohdRizal 2007). 4. 4. 3 Shangri-La Care 3 Recover to Gain Loyalty utmost lights the importance of recovery when a fault is made.When recovery is done well, it may be an opportunity to gain further allegiance and loyalty but if there is no or poor recovery the life sentence value of the guest is lost in addition to at least 25 others who may hear of the incident through word of mouth. The module teaches the five locomote to recovery Listen, Apologize, Fix the Problem, Delight the pointless Mile and Follow Up (MohdRizal 2007). 4. 4. 4 Shangri-La Care 4 imbibe Ownership Finally, addresses the importance of our employ ees taking self-will to show care for the customers, colleagues and company.The driver of will power isSELF, which means S (Show committedness), E (Eager to take initiative), L (Lead ourselves) and F (Filled withpassion). This module attempts to create in the employees the brainpower to live in an surround that isfill withCare forguests, Compassion for colleagues and presumption in thecompany (MohdRizal 2007). 4. 0 elevate graph for the Shangri-La Hotel Strengths Weaknesses 1) Shangri-La Hotel is regarded as one of the worlds best management hotel.It includes Shangri-La Hotel and Traders Hotels. 2) Shangri-La Hotel manages to train well employees who are able to show offend quality services to customers. 3) Shangri-La owns strong capital and service that helps it earn equitable reputation and consumer loyalty. 4) Shangri-La Hotel the uniqueness of intimate design of the hotel rooms, lobby, dining cafe and state of the art facilities has been able to attract customers inten tion. It also has been on the prodigality of facilities, which can make customers feel comfortable. ) meliorate the quick electronic Best hold process to ensure company-wide benchmarking where ideas with potential for globular implementation are highlighted. The most worth(predicate) Best manage recognition was created and is awarded on an annual basis. 1) Senior executives approaching seclusion with no clear recognizable successor. 2) Problems in recruiting employees to work at the resorts. 3) Shangri-La is very famous in Asia but not in the other continents. So it is firm to attract those customers. ) Losing market share to rivals and high overall unit follows carnal knowledge to rivals 5) Unattractive compensation packages. Thus, failure to interpret culture differences. Opportunities Threats 1) Relatively safe and non tempestuous business environment. No natural happening around the Hotel location, no riots, no terrorist attack, without raving mad protest or d emonstration. 2) The resort hotel is fit(p) in a unique island with fair beaches and clear water ideal for snorkel and lifespan activities. 3) Shangri-La has opportunities to attract more ustomers. And then it can improve its fame all around the world. 4) The income of residents continued to rise, according to Maslows theory of the level demand, when the peoples living standards up to a legitimate extent, they hope to meet spiritual needs. Hotel facilities will attract customers so the hotel consumption of the people will continue to increase. 5) Increase presences in Asia and also relaxed travel restrictions. 1) Aggressive seek activities have been carried out nearby the island latterly and it has caused unduly pollution as a result. ) There are many actual and newly built island resorts in the Asia-Pacific region. 3) The competitors are strong. There are lots kinds of hotels, so Shangri-La does not have grand competitiveness. 4) Restrictions on travel. 5) Increase in t he toll of labor and current economic situation. SWOT analysis can be specify as a critical judging of the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and treats in relation to the internal and environment factors affecting an entity in order to establish its condition prior to the preparation of the retentive term plan. In addition, strengths and weaknesses analysis involves spirit at the particular strengths and weaknesses of the organization itself and itself and its products/services range. It is an internal appraisal. An analysis of opportunities and threats is concerned with lettuce making opportunities in the business environment and with identified threats such as go demand, government legislation and new arguing etc. Therefore it is an external appraisal. 5. 0 Reference ) Online Business Advisor, 2006, (Why is Strategic readying important), viewed 23 February 2012, in stock(predicate) from http//www. onlinebusadv. com/? PAGE=171 2) David Ingram, D 2012 (Why is the I mplementation of projects important to strategic be after and the Project Manager) viewed 23 February 2012, addressable from http//smallbusiness. chron. com/implementation-projects-important-strategic-planning-project-manager-18215. hypertext markup language 3) Shangri-La 2012, (International Hotel Management Ltd. ) viewed 23 February 2012, Available from http//www. shangri-la. com/en/corporate/aboutus/overview 4)Strategic Plan of Shangri-La HotelTable of Contents 1. 0Introduction2 2. 0Strategic Plan3 3. 0Describe mission statement, strategic goals and corporate strategies for a hotel4 3. 1Mission Statement4 3. 2Strategic Goals6 3. 3Corporate Strategies7 3. 3. 1Shangri-La Care 1 Shangri-La Hospitality from Caring People9 3. 3. 2Shangri-La Care 2 Delighting Customers9 3. 3. 3Shangri-La Care 3 Recover to Gain Loyalty9 3. 3. 4Shangri-La Care 4Take Ownership10 4. 0SWOT chart for the Shangri-La Hotel11 5. 0Conclusion14 6. 0Reference15 1. 0 Introduction Our group have elect Shangri La a s our topic of interchange for our report writing.Shangri La is a cooperation that has a lot of hotels and resorts in the whole wide world. The name of Shangri La was actually from a novel published in 1933 named, befogged Horizon written by jam Hilton. In present days, the name Shangri La has become famous in the worldwide. In 1971, Shangri La has its own deluxe hotel in Singapore. After that, Shangri La had grew into a tenacious cooperation which own 72 hotels and resorts in different countries, such as, Asia Pacific, North America, the Middle East, europium and yet Shangri La is planning to develop more hotels in different countries.Besides that, Shangri La has two Asias most prestigious recreational clubs, that is, the Aberdeen Marina Club in Hong Kong, and the Xili play and Country Club in Shenzhen. Furthermore, Shangri Las always follow Asian Hospitality as their unique hospitality to treat their customer. In order to compete with other hotels and resorts, Shangri La had emphasized on hospitality towards their customer. The main thing that makes Shangri La being successful and being different from the other hotels and resorts is offering high level of Asian standards of hospitality and caring for people.Therefore, Shangri La hotels and resorts will care for each and every customer. They will make sure that every customer will satisfied with their services. Shangri La search for trendsetters and professionals to serve their customer and to achieve the goal, that is, to make sure every customer has great experience once they stay in the hotels and resorts. Strategic planning is critical to business success. Different from classic business planning, the strategic variety involves vision, mission and outside-of-the-box thinking.Strategic planning describes where you want your company to go, not necessarily how youre going to get there. However, like all other travel plans, without knowing where you want to go, creating details on how to arrive are meaningless. Strategic planning defines the where that your company is heading. In order for a business to be successful, there needs to be a roadmap for success. A strategic plan helps to provide direction and focus for all employees. It points to specific results that are to be achieved and establishes a course of action for achieving them.A strategic plan also helps the various work units within an organization to align themselves with common goals. Building a strategic plan is not difficult. It will take some thought and some feedback from customers and others, but businesses should be routinely garnering feedback from withdraw constituent groups on an on-going basis. The process of developing a strategic plan should be rewarding for all involved and normally helps develop stronger communications between members of the planning team. Once developed, the key to making the plan work is a commitment to visual perception it through and sound implementation.Many businesses have dev eloped strategic plans only to put them on a shelf to gather dust. Managers need a well-developed strategic plan in order to effectively establish expectations for their employees. Without a plan, expectations are developed in a void and there is little or no alignment with common goals. A good strategic plan looks out 2 to 5 years and describes sympathizeably how the business will grow and turn over that planning horizon. 2. 0 Strategic Plan 3. 0 Describe mission statement, strategic goals and corporate strategies for a hotel 4. Mission Statement In 2010, Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts had more than seventy hotels and 40,000 employees, with a vision to trope within five years, all art object maintaining their unique culture of high quality caring and hospitality. In recent years, the hotel chain has won almost every spheric award, including Asias best hotel brand for business and vacation, best luxury hotel chain (Asia Money), best business hotel brand in Asia Pacific (Business Traveler) and top five best overseas hotel (Observer and Guardian) (Marquardt 2011).Shangri-La has a powerful vision for its employees as well as its guests. Employee learning and development is an integral role in Shangri-La and is part of the companys mission, which states that its invest includes enabling all employees to achieve their personal and professional growth. Eng Leong Tan, Director for HR notes, We seek to be the first choice employer among hospitality workers. We are committed to providing an environment in which employees can learn and grow.It is not overflowing just to pay well and offer good benefits. Growth opportunities are every bit important, especially to younger employees (Marquardt 2011). Shangri-Las hotel mission statement we envision a community of responsible and educated citizens who are environmentally conscious, practice social certificate of indebtedness in their daily lives and inspire others to do the same. We commit to operating in an economic ally, socially and environmentally responsible manner whilst fit the interest of diverse stakeholders (Lincoln 2007).We strive to be a leader in corporate citizenship and sustainable development, caring for our employees and customers, seeking to amend the quality of life for the communities in which we do business and serving as good stewards of society and the environment (Shangri-La Asia Limited 2010). To delight our guests every time by creating spicy experiences straight from our hearts. Again the same, they want to delight their quests, but as there is a low traffic of guests, it is self explanatory that they are not fulfilling the needs of their guests.According to their mission they want to differentiate them with others by providing the guests a feeling of home and interacting but for that they need customers, without that they cant do anything (Kumar Swain 2011). 4. 2 Strategic Goals Shangri-La Hotel is a facility of services which provide places to stay for customers ar ound the world. It is known as a hotel or a resort for consumers to relax oreven have avacation atthe hotel. Shangri-La Hotel is amuch known hotel in Singaporebecause it was founded there itself. Shangri-La Hotel has provided a hotel for business traveler.Therefore, it has made another target of business in its management. With these targets, the company has prove to be the worlds best finest hotel in management and services. This hotel has also been situated in Malaysia itself, which have also become a finest hotel for business travelers and also travelers around the world and locally. Therefore, with these achievements, we have decided to make a research about the company itself and prove of its facility that satisfies us as a customer (Shangri-La International Hotel Management Ltd. 2012).Great hotels are made by great employees, not by crystal chandeliers or expensive carpets. This strongly held belief at Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts translates to a firm commitment to employee development. Such dedication will be increasingly important as the groups workforce grows from 37,000 to nearly 60,000 by 2013 (Shangri-La International Hotel Management Ltd. 2012). The process begins with careful selection staff are hired for attitude, trained for skills providing a fertile earthing for the Shangri-La philosophies to be embraced.Shangri-La then invests heavily in training perhaps more than any other hotel group with intensive, ongoing coaching for all staff at 68 hotels and resorts. The group then retains its high caliber staff by creating an environment whereby employees may achieve their personal and biography goals. Shangri-La has one of the lowest staff turnover rate in the industriousness (Shangri-La International Hotel Management Ltd. 2012). 4. 3 Corporate Strategies Shangri-La Care the groups defining feature is its exceptional and limber up hospitality, as defined by its philosophy Shangri-La hospitality from caring people.All staff undergoes the Shangri -La Care training platform within six months of joining the group. The create by mental act is designed to develop a reproducible Shangri-La style of service to birth a superior guest experience and build brand loyalty. Respect, courtesy, sincerity, helpfulness and lowliness are all core values of the training. Under the umbrella theme Shangri-La Care the Shangri-La Way the programme is divided into four modules Shangri-La Care 1 Shangri-La hospitality from caring people, Shangri-La Care 2 Delighting customers, Shangri-La Care 3 Recover to gain loyalty and Shangri-La Care 4 Taking ownership. The four modules of Shangri-La Care focus on the groups mission Delighting customers each and every time, part of Shangri-Las direct principles (MohdRizal 2007). Shangri-La Care is a living culture within the group, strongly back up by top management and incessantly cascaded through the organization. All hotels are take to allocate a specific figure for people training and developm ent and the hotels customary managers are responsible for ensuring the all the allocated property are spent year after year.Below is Shangri-La Care Modules that line out what service personnel do and how to serve their customers should best (Shangri-La International Hotel Management Ltd. 2012). 4. 4. 1 Shangri-La Care 1 Shangri-La Hospitality from Caring People first-year of all, addresses how to make the guests feel special and important by focusing on the five core values of Shangri-La Hospitality Respect, Humility, Courtesy, Helpfulness and Sincerity. It also imbuesthe value ofPride without Arrogance as the service stylemark (MohdRizal 2007). . 4. 2 Shangri-La Care 2 Delighting Customers Focuses on the importance of guest loyalty and how it can only be achieved by delighting the guests not just the first time but every single time. Employees must be guest obsessed, doing more for guests by going the extra mile, being malleable and neversaying no, anticipating and responding quickly, and recognizing the guests individual needs (MohdRizal 2007). 4. 4. 3 Shangri-La Care 3 Recover to Gain Loyalty richly lights the importance of recovery when a steal is made.When recovery is done well, it may be an opportunity to gain further commitment and loyalty but if there is no or poor recovery the sprightliness value of the guest is lost in addition to at least 25 others who may hear of the incident through word of mouth. The module teaches the five steps to recovery Listen, Apologize, Fix the Problem, Delight the wasted Mile and Follow Up (MohdRizal 2007). 4. 4. 4 Shangri-La Care 4Take Ownership Finally, addresses the importance of our employees taking ownership to show care for the customers, colleagues and company.The driver of ownership isSELF, which means S (Show commitment), E (Eager to take initiative), L (Lead ourselves) and F (Filled withpassion). This module attempts to create in the employees the learning ability to live in an environment that isfil l withCare forguests, Compassion for colleagues andPride in thecompany (MohdRizal 2007). 4. 0 SWOT chart for the Shangri-La Hotel Strengths Weaknesses 1) Shangri-La Hotel is regarded as one of the worlds best management hotel.It includes Shangri-La Hotel and Traders Hotels. 2) Shangri-La Hotel manages to train well employees who are able to provide snap off quality services to customers. 3) Shangri-La owns strong capital and service that helps it earn good reputation and consumer loyalty. 4) Shangri-La Hotel the uniqueness of inside design of the hotel rooms, lobby, dining cafe and state of the art facilities has been able to attract customers intention. It also has been on the luxury of facilities, which can make customers feel comfortable. ) change the existing electronic Best Practice process to ensure company-wide benchmarking where ideas with potential for international implementation are highlighted. The most precious Best Practice recognition was created and is awarded on an annual basis. 1) Senior executives approaching retirement with no clear recognizable successor. 2) Problems in recruiting employees to work at the resorts. 3) Shangri-La is very famous in Asia but not in the other continents. So it is hard to attract those customers. ) Losing market share to rivals and high overall unit costs relational to rivals 5) Unattractive compensation packages. Thus, failure to understand culture differences. Opportunities Threats 1) Relatively safe and peaceful business environment. No natural incident around the Hotel location, no riots, no terrorist attack, without violent protest or demonstration. 2) The resort hotel is located in a unique island with pulchritudinous beaches and clear water ideal for snorkeling and living activities. 3) Shangri-La has opportunities to attract more ustomers. And then it can improve its fame all around the world. 4) The income of residents continued to rise, according to Maslows theory of the level demand, when th e peoples living standards up to a authentic extent, they hope to meet spiritual needs. Hotel facilities will attract customers so the hotel consumption of the people will continue to increase. 5) Increase presences in Asia and also relaxed travel restrictions. 1) Aggressive look for activities have been carried out nearby the island recently and it has caused unduly pollution as a result. ) There are many existing and newly built island resorts in the Asia-Pacific region. 3) The competitors are strong. There are lots kinds of hotels, so Shangri-La does not have horrendous competitiveness. 4) Restrictions on travel. 5) Increase in the cost of labor and current economic situation. SWOT analysis can be defined as a critical estimation of the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and treats in relation to the internal and environment factors affecting an entity in order to establish its condition prior to the preparation of the long term plan. In addition, strengths and weakne sses analysis involves looking for at the particular strengths and weaknesses of the organization itself and itself and its products/services range. It is an internal appraisal. An analysis of opportunities and threats is concerned with get making opportunities in the business environment and with identified threats such as falling demand, government legislation and new rival etc. Therefore it is an external appraisal. 5. 0 Reference ) Online Business Advisor, 2006, (Why is Strategic grooming important), viewed 23 February 2012, Available from http//www. onlinebusadv. com/? PAGE=171 2) David Ingram, D 2012 (Why is the Implementation of projects important to strategic prep and the Project Manager) viewed 23 February 2012, Available from http//smallbusiness. chron. com/implementation-projects-important-strategic-planning-project-manager-18215. hypertext markup language 3) Shangri-La 2012, (International Hotel Management Ltd. ) viewed 23 February 2012, Available from http//www. s hangri-la. com/en/corporate/aboutus/overview 4)